Metabolic Comorbidities in Vitiligo: A Brief Review and Report of New Data from a Single-Center Experience

D’Arino, Andrea; Picardo, Mauro; Truglio, Mauro; Pacifico, Alessia; Iacovelli, Paolo

doi:10.3390/ijms22168820

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This response can be explained by the fact that PGZ induces the accumulation of free fatty acids, as reported by Baranowski et al [ 51 ]. The recent evaluation of the metabolic comorbidities in vitiligo patients [ 10 ], together with the known presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines linked to insulin resistance [ 52 ], defends the hypothesis of considering metabolic derangements as a new target to improve the quality of life of vitiligo patients. Unfortunately, vitiligo remains a difficult disease to treat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, our vitiligo unit carried out a retrospective analysis underlining that vitiligo patients frequently display modest alterations of the spectrum of the metabolic syndrome [ 10 ]. Specifically, while in vitiligo patients, lower levels of total cholesterol were measured overall, the distribution of lipid subpopulations was less favorable with respect to the healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol showed greater values while HDL cholesterol levels were consistently lower than healthy controls. Likewise, fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in vitiligo patients, even if below the diabetes threshold and within the range of impaired fasting glucose [ 10 ]. PPARγ is a ligand-activated transcription factor, belonging to the PPARs nuclear receptor superfamily, and is considered one of the master modulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Possible Modulator of Vitiligo Metabolic Impairment: Rethinking a PPARγ Agonist

Papaccio

Bellei

Ottaviani

et al. 2022

Cells

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Vitiligo is a complex disease wherein derangements in multiple pathways determine the loss of functional melanocytes. Since its pathogenesis is not yet completely understood, vitiligo lacks a definitive safe and efficacious treatment. At present, different therapies are available; however, each modality has its baggage of disadvantages and side effects. Recently we have described several metabolic abnormalities in cells from pigmented skin of vitiligo patients, including alterations of glucose metabolism. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the effect of Pioglitazone (PGZ), a Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist, on cells from pigmented vitiligo skin. We treated vitiligo melanocytes and fibroblasts with low doses of PGZ and evaluated the effects on mitochondrial alterations, previously reported by our and other groups. Treatment with PGZ significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of several anaerobic glycolytic enzymes, without increasing glucose consumption. The PGZ administration fully restored the metabolic network, replacing mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. These effects, together with a significant increase in ATP content and a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, provide strong evidence of an overall improvement of mitochondria bioenergetics in vitiligo cells. Moreover, the expression of HMGB1, Hsp70, defined as a part of DAMPs, and PD-L1 were significantly reduced. In addition, PGZ likely reverts premature senescence phenotype. In summary, the results outline a novel mode of action of Pioglitazone, which may turn out to be relevant to the development of effective new vitiligo therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Possible Modulator of Vitiligo Metabolic Impairment: Rethinking a PPARγ Agonist

Papaccio

Bellei

Ottaviani

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…Today, little attention has been paid to the role of environmental factors like diet or PE training or the level of habitual physical activity in vitiligo disease. In fact, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies focused on PE or habitual physical activity level and vitiligo disease, although several studies with similar etiological factors have consistently identified significant associations between vitiligo (as well as its severity) with MetS ( Ataş and Gönül, 2017 ; Sharma et al, 2017 ; Tanacan and Atakan, 2020 ; Verma et al, 2021 ) or related dysfunctions such as higher blood plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL- cholesterol), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), and insulin resistance ( Karadag et al, 2011 ; Azzazi et al, 2021 ; Demirbaş et al, 2021 ; D’Arino et al, 2021 ). It is well established that a mainly sedentary lifestyle behavior and poor nutritional patterns are the most important risk factors for the onset of MetS or cholesterol disorders ( Lira et al, 2010 ; Edwardson et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Overview Of Vitiligo Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo

et al. 2022

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Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastically reducing patients’ quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that vitiligo is associated with several genetic polymorphisms related to auto-reactivity from the immune system to melanocytes. Melanocytes from vitiligo patients suffer from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by defective mitochondria besides a poor endogenous antioxidant system (EAS). This redox imbalance results in dramatic melanocyte oxidative stress (OS), causing significant damage in proteins, lipid membranes, and DNA. The damaged melanocytes secret damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), inducing and increasing inflammatory gene expression response that ultimately leads to melanocytes apoptosis. Vitiligo severity has been also associated with increasing the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or associated disorders such as insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, suggesting that in genetically predisposed individuals, the environmental context that triggers MetS (i.e., sedentary lifestyle) may also be an important trigger for the development and severity of vitiligo disease. This paper will discuss the relationship between the immune system and epidermal melanocytes and their interplay with the redox system. Based on state-of-the-art evidence from the vitiligo research, physical exercise (PE) immunology, and redox system literature, we will also propose chronic PE as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat and prevent vitiligo disease progression. We will present evidence that chronic PE can change the balance of inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, improve both EAS and the mitochondrial structure and function (resulting in the decrease of OS). Finally, we will highlight clinically relevant markers that can be analyzed in a new research avenue to test the potential applicability of chronic PE in vitiligo disease.

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“…Vitiligo is usually associated with different autoimmune disorders such as thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis among others. [ 3 ] Other authors have observed also metabolic comorbidities[ 4 ] and psychological and psychiatric disorders. [ 5 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanogenesis and Hypopigmentation

Vinardell

Maddaleno

Mitjans

2022

Indian Journal of Dermatology

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Melanocytes are highly specialized dendritic cells that synthesize and store melanin in subcellular organelles called melanosomes, before transfer to keratinocytes. Melanin is a complex pigment that provides colour and photoprotection to the skin, hair and eyes. The process of synthesis of melanin is called melanogenesis and is regulated by various mechanisms and factors such as genetic, environmental and endocrine factors. The knowledge of the pigmentation process is important to understand hypopigmentation disorders such as vitiligo and also to design adequate treatments. In the present work, we review the signalling pathways involved in vitiligo. Finally, current therapies and treatments including topical, oral and phototherapies are discussed and described, emphasizing future therapies based on different pigmentation mechanisms.

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Metabolic Comorbidities in Vitiligo: A Brief Review and Report of New Data from a Single-Center Experience

Cited by 12 publications

References 75 publications

A Possible Modulator of Vitiligo Metabolic Impairment: Rethinking a PPARγ Agonist

A Possible Modulator of Vitiligo Metabolic Impairment: Rethinking a PPARγ Agonist

Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo

Melanogenesis and Hypopigmentation

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