Metabolic Consequences of Diving in Animals and Man

The effect of intermittent cryotherapy on the activities of citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase in regenerating skeletal muscle

“…Therefore, they work well as pyruvate reductase in anaerobic glycolysis (Powers 1997). Classical studies have shown that the LDH of airbreathing fish heart possess an important functional characteristic inherent to high sensitivity to inhibition by pyruvate (Hochachka and Storey 1975;Hochachka and Murphy 1979), which could justify the present results on the reasons for B / A greater than 1, for LDH activity at 4h30 after the injury. The results suggested that cryolesion induced the use of lactate oxidase function of LDH, once a high concentrations of epinephrine and glucagon was observed in the first response phase to tissue damage, which stimulated the glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) and gluconeogenesis (glucose synthesis) (Baynes and Dominiczak 2000).…”

Ontogeny of swim performance and mechanics in bottlenose dolphins(Tursiops truncatus)

“…Ultimately, overall swim performance is set by the aerobic and anaerobic capacities of the locomotor muscle. Steady-state locomotor performance is constrained by the availability of oxygen to the skeletal muscle (Vock et al, 1996) and sprint performance is constrained by the ability of the skeletal muscle to support anaerobic pathways (Hochachka and Storey, 1975).…”

Cardiovascular responses to diving in the turtle, Pseudemys scripta

“…Thus, it may be that energy-yielding mitochondrial reactions also occur in diving vertebrates to prolong the submersion time (Hochachka and Storey, 1975). Penney (1974) found succinate in the turtle liver follow ing a 24 hour dive and suggested that, not only might reduction of fuma- vertebrates.…”

“…to: a) high glycogen concentrations for anaerobic use, b) the tolerance of high lactate accumulation via more efficient buffering, more acid pH optima of enzymes, and a means to remove (metabolize) the lactate after a dive, and c) the high NAD/NADH ratio (Hochachka and Storey, 1975).…”

“…It has been demonstrated that seal cardiac muscle has a myoglobin con- HGcnacnxa a no Storey (.1975,) nave constructed a rather complete scheme of biochemical adaotations to anaerobiosis in divino animals based uoon data gathered from diving and non-diving animals. Briefly, they found that there have been only a few modifications of the basic biochemical machinery present in non-divers (such as the white rat) for allowing 3 4 ma 1 c a -Fr\ pnjic.v^r'.…”