Metabolic control achievement in a population with premature coronary artery disease: results of the genetics of atherosclerotic disease study

Abstract

Background and aims: To the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated the metabolic control of patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study analyzes the metabolic control, defined as the simultaneous target in blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c, as well as the factors associated with its achievement in patients with premature CAD. Methods: The study included 1206 patients with CAD diagnosed before the age of 55 and 65 years in men and women, respectively. Sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical data were collected to know the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including individual components of metabolic control plus smoking cessation and body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2. Non-strict and strict targets were used to evaluate metabolic control. Results: Participants were 54 ± 8 years old, 19.7% were women and had a median CAD evolution of 2.4 years. Non-strict and strict metabolic control was achieved by 18.4% and 6.2% of patients, respectively. Moreover, 79.8% and 67.6% met a composite of three or more cardiovascular risk factor goals using both criteria. BMI <25 kg/m2 was independently associated with 1.734 (95% confidence interval: 1.207–2.492) and 2.541 (95% confidence interval: 1.608–4.014) higher probabilities to meet non-strict or strict metabolic control. Conclusion: Our results show that 18.4% and 6.2% of subjects with premature CAD achieved non-strict and strict metabolic control, respectively. BMI <25 kg/m2 was found to be associated with the achievement of metabolic control. Multidisciplinary strategies including healthy lifestyle changes and pharmacological therapies could decrease the socioeconomic and clinical impact of premature CAD.

Effects of Allicin on Pathophysiological Mechanisms during the Progression of Nephropathy Associated to Diabetes

“…On the other hand diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking are key risk factors for CVD [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In fact, people with both diabetes and hypertension have a four-fold increased risk for the development of CVD and substantially higher risk of CVD death and all-cause mortality [ 4 , 7 , 8 ].…”

“…In diabetic patients normalizing blood sugar, the control of dyslipidemia, and reduction of blood pressure are the primary targets to improve life quality, to delay the progression to CKD, and prevent cardiovascular complications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 ]. However, these actions do not prevent the progression to ESRD.…”

Fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with increased serum total antioxidant capacity and oxidized lipoproteins in humans with different stages of chronic kidney disease

“… 32 Smoking status was defined as current if the subject self-reported that have smoked any tobacco in the previous 12 months and included those who had quit a year earlier; non-smokers were defined as those who have more than 1 year without smoking or who have never smoked. 33 None of the participants were taking any antioxidant or vitamin supplement.…”

“…Subjects were categorized according to the KDIGO classification into six stages (G1, G2, G3a, G3b, G4, and G5). 33 Descriptive statistics were used to estimate means and standard deviation for normally distributed variables, and median and interquartile range for variables with skewed distribution. Frequencies were expressed in percentages.…”

Mecanismos moleculares de los efectos benéficos de la alicina sobre la enfermedad cardiovascular

“…Debido a que las ECV representan una de las principales causas de mortalidad en el mundo, causando erogaciones financieras importantes por el tratamiento a corto, mediano y largo plazo, la prevención y el tratamiento se enfocan principalmente en el control de los factores de riesgo 10,11 . En general, el tratamiento de los pacientes con ECV combina intervención farmacológica y modificación del estilo de vida 9,12 . En este contexto, varios estudios preclínicos y clínicos demuestran que la ingesta de alimentos de origen vegetal, como frutas, semillas y especias, aportan elementos cardioprotectores, ya que son ricos en compuestos con actividad biológica benéfica 13 .…”