Metabolic control of teleost reproduction by leptin and its complements: Understanding current insights from mammals

Parker, Coltan G.; Cheung, Eugene

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113467

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Mirroring the mechanistic assumptions for how maturation is initiated in many animal species (Dupont et al, 2014; Koyama et al, 2020; Parker & Cheung, 2020; Shalitin & Phillip, 2003), age‐ or season‐specific size, growth rate, or available energy reserves (as reflected by condition) have all been suggested as liability traits determining the sexual maturation timing also in fishes (reviewed by Andersson et al, 2018; Good & Davidson, 2016; Taranger et al, 2010). However, environmental and genetic contributions to, and relative importance of, each liability trait to maturation remain largely unknown (Andersson et al, 2018; Good & Davidson, 2016; Mangel & Satterthwaite, 2008; Taranger et al, 2010) and several studies have questioned whether these traits specifically underly maturation timing variation (e.g., Gjerde, 1984; Skilbrei & Heino, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncertainty is exemplified by for example, reviews on fish maturation timing by using phrases such as “high growth rates and/or high adiposity” (Andersson et al, 2018) or “high growth rate and/or lipid storage” (Taranger et al, 2010). Mechanisms have been identified in many animals that signal energy status and current metabolic challenges, control appetite and, eventually, control maturation timing (Dupont et al, 2014; Koyama et al, 2020; Parker & Cheung, 2020). Unfortunately, the same level of mechanistic understanding does not currently extend to fishes (Parker & Cheung, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a statistical approach to binary responses, the liability may be assumed to be a normally distributed “trait”, which consists of all combined (often unknown) environmental and genetic effects underlying the binary trait (Dempster & Lerner, 1950; Falconer, 1965; Wright, 1934). The liability underlying the initiation of maturation is often approximated by body size, growth, or condition (Andersson et al, 2018; Roff, 2002; Stearns, 1992; Taranger et al, 2010; Wells et al, 2017), which indeed may signal current energy status (Dupont et al, 2014; Koyama et al, 2020; Parker & Cheung, 2020; Shalitin & Phillip, 2003). However, disentangling cause and effect is a long‐standing challenge in studies on maturation and its liability traits (Alm, 1959; Bell et al, 2018; Cousminer et al, 2013; Kause et al, 2003; Taranger et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polygenic and major‐locus contributions to sexual maturation timing in Atlantic salmon

et al. 2021

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Sexual maturation timing is a life‐history trait central to the balance between mortality and reproduction. Maturation may be triggered when an underlying compound trait, called liability, exceeds a threshold. In many different species and especially fishes, this liability is approximated by growth and body condition. However, environmental vs. genetic contributions either directly or via growth and body condition to maturation timing remain unclear. Uncertainty exists also because the maturation process can reverse this causality and itself affect growth and body condition. In addition, disentangling the contributions of polygenic and major loci can be important. In many fishes, males mature before females, enabling the study of associations between male maturation and maturation‐unbiased female liability traits. Using 40 Atlantic salmon families, longitudinal common‐garden experimentation, and quantitative genetic analyses, we disentangled environmental from polygenic and major locus (vgll3) effects on male maturation, and sex‐specific growth and condition. We detected polygenic heritabilities for maturation, growth, and body condition, and vgll3 effects on maturation and body condition but not on growth. Longitudinal patterns for sex‐specific phenotypic liability, and for genetic variances and correlations between sexes suggested that early growth and condition indeed positively affected maturation initiation. However, towards spawning time, causality appeared reversed for males whereby maturation affected growth negatively and condition positively via both the environmental and genetic effects. Altogether, the results indicate that growth and condition are useful traits to study liability for maturation initiation, but only until maturation alters their expression, and that vgll3 contributes to maturation initiation via condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polygenic and major‐locus contributions to sexual maturation timing in Atlantic salmon

et al. 2021

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“…Both receptors exhibited substantial amounts mRNA levels in rainbow trout ovaries, however, lepra1 was highest in this tissue at over 50× higher than lepra2 . This could suggest that the lepra1 paralog may play a greater role in reproduction or sexual maturation, both processes to which leptin has been implicated (reviewed in [ 42 , 43 ]). Although we did not evaluate lepb in the current paper, studies have shown that in some fishes the lepb paralog is highly expressed in the ovaries and brain compared to lepa (zebrafish, [ 44 ]; orange-spotted grouper, [ 45 ]; tongue sole, [ 46 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Leptin Receptor Paralog and Its Response to Fasting in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Mankiewicz¹,

Cleveland²

2021

IJMS

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Leptin is a cytokine that regulates appetite and energy expenditure, where in fishes it is primarily produced in the liver and acts to mobilize carbohydrates. Most fishes have only one leptin receptor (LepR/LepRA1), however, paralogs have recently been documented in a few species. Here we reveal a second leptin receptor (LepRA2) in rainbow trout that is 77% similar to trout LepRA1. Phylogenetic analyses show a salmonid specific genome duplication event as the probable origin of the second LepR in trout. Tissues distributions showed tissue specific expression of these receptors, with lepra1 highest in the ovaries, nearly 50-fold higher than lepra2. Interestingly, lepra2 was most highly expressed in the liver while hepatic lepra1 levels were low. Feed deprivation elicited a decline in plasma leptin, an increase in hepatic lepra2 by one week and remained elevated at two weeks, while liver expression of lepra1 remained low. By contrast, muscle lepra1 mRNA increased at one and two weeks of fasting, while adipose lepra1 was concordantly lower in fasted fish. lepra2 transcript levels were not affected in muscle and fat. These data show lepra1 and lepra2 are differentially expressed across tissues and during feed deprivation, suggesting paralog- and tissue-specific functions for these leptin receptors.

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“…In addition to forming the actual energy reserve, lipids have a variety of important biological roles. When released to circulation, lipids and their derivatives act as signaling molecules informing body organs and tissues on the energy status of the individual (Dupont et al, 2013; Koyama et al, 2020; Mangel and Satterthwaite, 2008; Parker and Cheung, 2020; Shalitin and Phillip, 2003; Thorpe et al, 1998). Further, the structurally diverse membrane phospholipids support the functions of integral proteins and serve as precursors for different lipid mediators modulating numerous signaling pathways (Moessinger et al, 2014; Næsje et al, 2006; Sheridan, 1988; Zhou, Ackman, & Morrison, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific lipid profiles in the muscle of Atlantic salmon juveniles

House

Primmer

Debes

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Energy allocation in juvenile fish can have important implications for future life-history progression. Inherited and environmental factors determine when and where individuals allocate energy, and timely and sufficient energy reserves are crucial for reaching key life stages involved in the timing of maturation and sea migration. In Atlantic salmon, lipid reserves are predominantly found in the viscera and myosepta in the muscle and have been shown to play a key role in determining the timing of maturity. This life-history trait is tightly linked to fitness in many species and can be different between males and females, however, the details of relative energy allocation in juveniles of different sexes is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex, genetics and environment during juvenile development of salmon on the amount and composition of their lipid reserves. To do so, juvenile salmon were fed one of two different lipid food contents during their first summer and autumn under common-garden conditions. Muscle lipid composition and concentrations were determined by thin layer chromatography. The muscle lipid class concentrations covaried negatively with body length and males showed higher concentrations than females for phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, cholesterol and triacylglycerol. This sex-specific difference in major lipid classes presents a new scope for understanding the regulation of lipids during juvenile development and gives direction for understand how lipids may interact and influence major life-history traits in Atlantic salmon.

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Metabolic control of teleost reproduction by leptin and its complements: Understanding current insights from mammals

Cited by 18 publications

References 163 publications

Polygenic and major‐locus contributions to sexual maturation timing in Atlantic salmon

Polygenic and major‐locus contributions to sexual maturation timing in Atlantic salmon

Characterization of a Leptin Receptor Paralog and Its Response to Fasting in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Sex-specific lipid profiles in the muscle of Atlantic salmon juveniles

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