Metabolic control targets in Sudanese adults with type 1 diabetes: A population-based study

Abstract

Background:Type 1 diabetes is a challenging metabolic disorder for health authorities in Sudan. The objective of this study was to assess the level of glycemic control and to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and complications among individuals with type 1 diabetes in Sudan.Materials and Methods:Individuals with type 1 diabetes, who were having the disease for at least 1 year, were invited to participate in this study. Data were collected from two diabetes centers, in the Capital Khartoum and Atbara City, North of Sudan. Participants were interviewed using standardized pretested questionnaire to record medical history, sociodemographic data, and life style characteristics. Blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured. Blood samples were taken for measurement of lipid profile and glycosylated hemoglobin.Results:A total of eighty individuals with type 1 diabetes volunteered to participate in this study, 37.5% of males and 62.5% of females. Majority of the patients were aged between 40 and 70 years old. There was poor glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin >7%), in 83.8%. Age and sex were significant factors associated with poor glycemic control in this cohort. High cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein were seen in 76.2%, 27.5%, and 48.8% of participants, respectively. Low high density lipoprotein was seen in 33.8%. Hypertension was determined in 21.3%. Peripheral neuropathy, visual impairment, diabetic foot, and myocardial infarction were seen in 50%, 48.8%, 18.8%, and 2.5% of patients, respectively.Conclusion:Sudanese adults with type 1 diabetes have poor glycemic control, high prevalence of dyslipidemia, and long-term complications.

Adherence to Antidiabetic Medications Among Sudanese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Survey

“…Poor adherence to antidiabetic medications leads to inadequate blood glucose control, treatment failure, accelerated development of complications, and increased mortality. We have previously shown that 85% of Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes have poor diabetes control ( HbA1 c > 7 %) ( 26 ). This poor diabetes control can be attributed in part to poor diabetes medication adherence.…”

Knowledge, attitudes and practice among primary care physicians in Sudan regarding prediabetes: A cross-sectional survey

“…[ 16 18 19 20 21 22 ] The high level of diabetes complications can be attributed to high prevalence of uncontrolled glycaemia. [ 23 24 ] Prediabetes is also a condition that associated with an increase in different comorbidities like hypertension, fatty liver polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipideamia, metabolic syndrome, an increase risk of cardiovascular disease, decrease in chromium and an increase in oral lesions. Importantly, diabetes was significantly associated with high hospital mortality with COVID-19, but prediabetes was not statistically associated with high hospital mortality[ 25 26 27 28 29 ]…”