Metabolic costs of walking and arm reaching in persons with mild multiple sclerosis

Courter, Robert; Alvarez, Enríque; Enoka, Roger M.; Ahmed, Alaa A.

doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506034

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 96 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The RMR measured immediately before a walking trial was used to calculate the NCoW for the corresponding walking trial. We chose to include the GCoW measurements alongside the standard NCoW measurements to account for any variations in the baseline metabolic rate that might occur during the walking protocols (see Courter et al 2022). GCoW (in J kg −1 m −1 ) was calculated from the rate of oxygen consumption using Lusk's equation (Lusk 1923) and PWS as follows:…”

Section: Measurement Of Self-reported Anxiety Heart Rate and Metaboli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The elevated metabolic cost of walking at preferred speeds of healthy elderly on treadmills compared to overground is not related to increased self-reported anxiety

Gupta

Faber²,

Kistemaker³

et al. 2023

Eur J Appl Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To investigate whether the elevation in metabolic cost of walking on treadmills compared to overground for healthy elderly is related to self-reported anxiety and if changes in self-reported anxiety are related to changes in heart rate. Methods We measured overground preferred walking speed, oxygen consumption rate and heart rates during rest and walking, and self-reported anxiety in 10 elderly (mean age 69.5 ± 3.1 years, 8 males and 2 females). At their preferred speed, the participants first walked overground, then on a high treadmill, and then on a low treadmill. Gross and Net metabolic costs of walking were calculated from the rates of oxygen consumption. Results Gross and net metabolic cost of walking were higher (p < 0.05) on high treadmill (net cost: 2.64 J kg−1 m−1) and low treadmill (net cost: 2.68 J kg−1 m−1) compared to overground (net cost: 2.44 J kg−1 m−1), and the same was true for heart rate. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in metabolic costs and heart rates between the two treadmill conditions. Self-reported anxiety was higher on the high treadmill compared to overground (p = 0.004) and compared to low treadmill (p = 0.02). We found no significant difference (p > 0.05) for self-reported anxiety between overground and the low treadmill. Conclusion These results show that treadmill walking cannot be adequately generalized to overground walking. The differences found in metabolic cost on treadmills compared to overground were not related to differences in self-reported anxiety. Furthermore, the changes in heart rate are not related to changes in self-reported anxiety.

show abstract

Section: Measurement Of Self-reported Anxiety Heart Rate and Metaboli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The elevated metabolic cost of walking at preferred speeds of healthy elderly on treadmills compared to overground is not related to increased self-reported anxiety

Gupta

Faber²,

Kistemaker³

et al. 2023

Eur J Appl Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The RMR measured immediately before a walking trial was used to calculate the NCoW for the corresponding walking trial. We chose to include the GCoW measurements alongside the standard NCoW measurements to account for any variations in the baseline metabolic rate that might occur during the walking protocols (see: (Courter, Alvarez, Enoka, 2022)). GCoW (in J kg -1 m -1 ) was calculated from the rate of oxygen consumption using Lusk's equation and PWS as follows:…”

Section: Measurement Of Self-reported Anxiety Heart Rate and Metaboli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic Cost of Overground and Treadmill Walking in Healthy Young and Older Adults

Gupta¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Metabolic Cost of Walking (MCoW) is typically expressed either in terms of Gross Cost of Walking (GCoW) or Net Cost of Walking (NCoW). MCoW is defined as the metabolic energy expended per meter travelled and is an important variable in daily life. From the literature we can see that increased MCoW for elderly compared to young might lead to elderly becoming fatigued and sedentary. Increased fatigue and sedentarism limits their functional possibilities, thereby affecting the overall quality of life. The motivation for this doctoral project was that we wanted to know the reasons why elderly have a higher MCoW compared to young, especially during overground walking. We were interested in overground walking since it is the ecologically relevant mode of walking. However, before trying to know why elderly have a higher MCoW than young we wanted to see whether this finding of elevated MCoW for elderly was valid in the first place and if so, specifically for overground walking. To answer our research questions, we conducted three studies in this thesis. We started with a systematic review and meta-analysis and reported on this study in Chapter 1 of this thesis. Then we followed it up with two experimental studies and then reported on them in Chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis. To summarise, from the studies conducted in this thesis, we were able to show that the commonly reported elevation in MCoW for Older Adults (OA) over Young Adults (YA) is not due to age per se but is probably due to the differential reaction to treadmills by healthy YA and OA. In Chapters 2 and 3 we have shown that OA react differently to overground and treadmill walking (elevated MCoW on treadmills compared to overground) at their overground Preferred Walking Speed (PWS), which we directly imposed on the treadmills. YA do not react differently to overground and treadmill walking at the same speed as they have similar MCoW. Due to this differential reaction to overground and treadmill walking by YA and OA walking energetics are different between the two groups. In conclusion, through this thesis we have shown how to have age as the only differentiating factor between YA and OA while trying to learn about the differences in MCoW between the cohorts. There were no differences in anthropometrics, physical activity and fitness levels and overground PWS between our YA and OA. Our main finding is that we have shown there are no differences in overground MCoW between them. As overground walking is the ecologically relevant mode of walking, overground MCoW should be considered important. Due to the differential reaction of YA and OA to treadmills, treadmills are not suitable for comparison of MCoW between the two populations. The results of similar overground MCoW of YA and OA could have some clinical implications. For example, these results could be interpreted in the way that if people adopt a healthy and active lifestyle from an early age, when they grow old, they can have similar levels of PWS and MCoW like a young person. Comparable levels of PWS would generally mean that mobility and daily life gait will not be affected and similar levels of MCoW will mean that elderly will expend the same amount of energy after walking the same distance as a young person. Overall this will imply that elderly will be able to lead a normal healthy lifestyle, not become fatigued and sedentary, and we can achieve the goals of healthy aging in our society.

show abstract

Metabolic costs of walking and arm reaching in persons with mild multiple sclerosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 96 publications

The elevated metabolic cost of walking at preferred speeds of healthy elderly on treadmills compared to overground is not related to increased self-reported anxiety

The elevated metabolic cost of walking at preferred speeds of healthy elderly on treadmills compared to overground is not related to increased self-reported anxiety

The Metabolic Cost of Overground and Treadmill Walking in Healthy Young and Older Adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About