2021
DOI: 10.3390/nu13082805
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Metabolic Derangement in Pediatric Patient with Obesity: The Role of Ketogenic Diet as Therapeutic Tool

Abstract: Obesity is defined as a condition characterized by an excessive fat accumulation that has negative health consequences. Pediatric obesity is associated with an increased risk for many diseases, including impaired glycemic and lipidic control that may lead to the development of chronic, and potentially disabling, pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular events, in adult life. The therapeutic strategy initially starts with interventions that are aimed at changing lifestyle and eati… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(6 citation statements)
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References 224 publications
(361 reference statements)
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“…The increase in blood or urine levels of ketone bodies, namely ketosis, is a metabolic condition that takes place in course of low glucose availability, generally deriving from low-carbohydrate diets or a fasting state [ 23 ]. Ketosis, by itself, is a condition of metabolic stress which may exacerbate the clinical risk of pre-existing disease conditions such as liver, kidney, or pancreatic insufficiency [ 24 ]. However, from an evolutionary point of view, humans developed in order to “cohabit” with ketosis during their ancestral transition from essentially herbivorous to essentially carnivorous, approximately two to three million years ago [ 25 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The increase in blood or urine levels of ketone bodies, namely ketosis, is a metabolic condition that takes place in course of low glucose availability, generally deriving from low-carbohydrate diets or a fasting state [ 23 ]. Ketosis, by itself, is a condition of metabolic stress which may exacerbate the clinical risk of pre-existing disease conditions such as liver, kidney, or pancreatic insufficiency [ 24 ]. However, from an evolutionary point of view, humans developed in order to “cohabit” with ketosis during their ancestral transition from essentially herbivorous to essentially carnivorous, approximately two to three million years ago [ 25 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In subjects with obesity, adiponectin plasma levels are usually low and proinflammatory cytokines, such as leptin, resistin, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) are usually elevated, thus producing a pro-inflammatory metabolic pattern [ 152 ]. KD have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory proprieties, by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-α production [ 153 ]. In this context, KD can be considered a useful tool to reduce inflammatory state, which is linked to obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.…”
Section: Ketogenic Dietmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As reported in Table 1 , obesity-related consequences have short- and long-term complications, including metabolic–endocrine complications; cardiovascular complications, such as primarily endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis [ 2 , 24 , 25 ]; gastroenterological complications; respiratory complications; renal complications; neurological complications; and also dermatological complications [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. In addition, paediatric obesity raises the risk of various musculoskeletal problems, impairing mobility, increasing fracture prevalence, and causing lower limb joint pain and malalignment [ 35 ].…”
Section: Childhood Obesitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to these larger contexts, specific characteristics of the child, such as gender and age, interact with familial and societal characteristics to influence growth. To summarize, according to EST, child characteristics interact with processes in the family and in the school, which themselves are influenced by characteristics of the community and society [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]; see Figure 1. Genetics are one of the biggest factors in the cause of obesity [2].…”
Section: Risk Factorsmentioning
confidence: 99%