Metabolic Effects of Dietary Purine and Pyrimidine Bases in Rats

Yokozawa, Takako; Oura, Hikokíchi; Zheng, Ping Dong; Fukase, Masayuki; Koizumi, Fumitomo; Kanaoka, Matao

doi:10.1080/00021369.1983.10866083

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is known that free adenine, but not adenosine, AMP, guanine, guanosine, or GMP, may elevate plasma concentrations of uric acid, creatinine, and allantoin (Yokozawa et al 1982(Yokozawa et al , 1983Brulé et al 1988). It may therefore be concluded that the diets used in this experiment did not exert any uricogenic effect in the pigs.…”

Section: Nucleic Acid and Creatinine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The creatinine excretion may be used as a non-specific measure of renal function. In rats, a decreased urinary concentration of creatinine and increased urine production have been observed when the rats were fed free adenine (Yokozawa et al 1982(Yokozawa et al , 1983Brulé et al 1988). In the mink experiment, the urine volume decreased with increasing dietary BPM content (Hellwing et al 2005), indicating that the renal function was not impaired and that the content of free adenine from the diet or from the intestinal decomposition of RNA and DNA did not reach the level where problems have been observed (Clifford & Story 1976).…”

Section: Nucleic Acid and Creatinine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The metabolism of dietary purine and pyrimidine bases seems to be quite complicated, and it depends on the type of base and on the nutritional state and species of the animal (Savaiano & Clifford 1978;Ho et al 1979;Yokozawa et al 1982Yokozawa et al , 1983Greife 1984;Brulé et al 1988). From human studies of gout it is known that high protein levels and a high intake of purine bases increase the production and excretion of uric acid in urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Bacterial protein meal in diets for pigs and minks: Comparative studies on protein turnover rate and urinary excretion of purine base derivatives

Hellwing

Tauson

Skrede

et al. 2007

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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The effect of increasing the dietary content of bacterial protein meal (BPM) on protein turnover rate, and on nucleic acid and creatinine metabolism in growing minks and pigs was investigated in two experiments. In each experiment, 16 animals were allocated to four experimental diets. The diets containing no BPM served as controls, i.e. for minks diet M1, for pigs P1; the experimental diets contained increasing levels of BPM to replace fish meal (minks) or soybean meal (pigs), so that up to 17% (P2), 20% (M2), 35% (P3), 40% (M3), 52% (P4), and 60% (M4) of digestible N was BPM derived. Protein turnover rate was measured by means of the end-product method using [15N]glycine as tracer and urinary nitrogen as end-product. In minks, protein flux, synthesis, and breakdown increased significantly with increasing dietary BPM. In pigs, diet had no observed effect on protein turnover rate. The intake of nucleic acid nitrogen (NAN) increased from 0.15 g/kg W0.75 on M1 to 0.26 g/kg W0.75 on M3 and M4 in the mink experiment, and from 0.08 g/kg W0.75 on P1 to 0.33 g/kg W0.75 on P4 in the pig experiment. Increased NAN intake led, in both experiments, to increased allantoin excretion. Analysis of species effects showed that minks excreted 1.72 mmol/ kg W0.75 of allantoin, significantly more than the 0.95 mmol/kg W0.75 excreted by pigs. In minks, approximately 96% of the excreted purine base derivatives consisted of allantoin, whereas in pigs approximately 93% did. Thus, increasing the dietary content of BPM increased protein turnover rate in minks but not in pigs, and allantoin excretion increased with increasing dietary BPM although it seemed that mink decomposed purine bases to their end-product more completely than pigs did. Collectively these data show that BPM is a suitable protein source for pigs and mink, and recorded differences between species were to a large extent due to differences in protein retention capacity and muscle mass.

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Section: Nucleic Acid and Creatinine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Nucleic Acid and Creatinine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Bacterial protein meal in diets for pigs and minks: Comparative studies on protein turnover rate and urinary excretion of purine base derivatives

Hellwing

Tauson

Skrede

et al. 2007

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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“…Il17a -/- mice were previously described [ 43 ]. For Experiment 1, IQI GF mice were housed in vinyl isolators and provided with sterilized water and normal chow CE-2 pellets (Clea Japan) [ 44 ] ad libitum . IQI SPF mice were kept under SPF conditions and fed CE-2 pellets and tap water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ-Free Conditions Modulate Host Purine Metabolism, Exacerbating Adenine-Induced Kidney Damage

Mishima

Ichijo

Kawabe

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Alterations in microbiota are known to affect kidney disease conditions. We have previously shown that germ-free conditions exacerbated adenine-induced kidney damage in mice; however, the mechanism by which this occurs has not been elucidated. To explore this mechanism, we examined the influence of germ-free conditions on purine metabolism and renal immune responses involved in the kidney damage. Germ-free mice showed higher expression levels of purine-metabolizing enzymes such as xanthine dehydrogenase, which converts adenine to a nephrotoxic byproduct 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA). The germ-free mice also showed increased urinary excretion of allantoin, indicating enhanced purine metabolism. Metabolome analysis demonstrated marked differences in the purine metabolite levels in the feces of germ-free mice and mice with microbiota. Furthermore, unlike the germ-free condition, antibiotic treatment did not increase the expression of purine-metabolizing enzymes or exacerbate adenine-induced kidney damage. Considering renal immune responses, the germ-free mice displayed an absence of renal IL-17A expression. However, the adenine-induced kidney damage in wild-type mice was comparable to that in IL-17A-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-17A does not play a major role in the disease condition. Our results suggest that the enhanced host purine metabolism in the germ-free mice potentially promotes the conversion of the administered adenine into 2,8-DHA, resulting in exacerbated kidney damage. This further suggests a role of the microbiota in regulating host purine metabolism.

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Metabolic Effects of Dietary Purine and Pyrimidine Bases in Rats

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Bacterial protein meal in diets for pigs and minks: Comparative studies on protein turnover rate and urinary excretion of purine base derivatives

Bacterial protein meal in diets for pigs and minks: Comparative studies on protein turnover rate and urinary excretion of purine base derivatives

Germ-Free Conditions Modulate Host Purine Metabolism, Exacerbating Adenine-Induced Kidney Damage

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