Metabolic Effects of Light at Night are Time‐ and Wavelength‐Dependent in Rats

Masís‐Vargas, Anayanci; Ritsema, Wayne I G R; Mendoza, Jorge; Kalsbeek, Andries

doi:10.1002/oby.22874

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The elevation in plasma glucose levels in rats was found as a result of bright light pulses but not dim light pulses (78). In the rat liver, expression of Per1, Per 2, GLUT2, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was increased, while glucokinase was decreased by pulses at different time points depending on the specific clock genes and enzymes (83). Interestingly, hepatic denervation prevented light-induced changes in clock gene and enzyme expression, supporting the notion that the autonomic nervous system is essential in transmitting these acute effects of light to peripheral tissues (79,84,85).…”

Section: Acute Effects Of Exposure To Lan On Rodent Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Metabolic Implications of Exposure to Light at Night: Lessons from Animal and Human Studies

Fleury

Masís‐Vargas

Kalsbeek

2020

Obesity

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Lately, the incidence of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes has shown a staggering increase. To prevent and treat these conditions, one must look at their etiology. As life on earth has evolved under the conditions of nature’s 24‐hour light/dark cycle, it seems likely that exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) would affect physiology. Indeed, ample evidence has shown that LAN impacts many metabolic parameters, at least partly via the biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. This review focuses on the impact of chronic and acute effects of LAN of different wavelengths on locomotor activity, food intake, the sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, melatonin, glucocorticoids, and glucose and lipid metabolism. While chronic LAN disturbs daily rhythms in these parameters, experiments using short‐term LAN exposure also have shown acute negative effects in metabolically active peripheral tissues. Experiments using LAN of different wavelengths not only have indicated an important role for melanopsin, the photopigment found in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, but also provided evidence that each wavelength may have a specific impact on energy metabolism. Importantly, exposure to LAN has been shown to impact glucose homeostasis also in humans and to be associated with an increased incidence of overweight, obesity, and atherosclerosis.

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Section: Acute Effects Of Exposure To Lan On Rodent Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Metabolic Implications of Exposure to Light at Night: Lessons from Animal and Human Studies

Fleury

Masís‐Vargas

Kalsbeek

2020

Obesity

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“…Light pollution at night not only affects the normal behavioral rhythms of animals, but also carries implications for human health 65 . In constant light conditions in the laboratory, mice become insulin resistant and have increased fasting glucose levels, 66‐68 but also short light pulses at night acutely impair glucose tolerance in rats and male diurnal grass rats 69‐71 and alter the liver transcriptome 72 . Dim light conditions at night (~2–5 lux) alter the daily rhythm of blood glucose concentrations, phase advance Glut2 expression in hepatocytes, and suppress rhythmicity of SCN clock genes in rats, 73,74 but do not seem to affect glucose tolerance 75 .…”

Section: Circadian Desynchrony Disturbs Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian desynchrony and glucose metabolism

Speksnijder,

Bisschop,

Siegelaar

et al. 2024

Journal of Pineal Research

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The circadian timing system controls glucose metabolism in a time‐of‐day dependent manner. In mammals, the circadian timing system consists of the main central clock in the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks in peripheral tissues. The oscillations produced by these different clocks with a period of approximately 24‐h are generated by the transcriptional‐translational feedback loops of a set of core clock genes. Glucose homeostasis is one of the daily rhythms controlled by this circadian timing system. The central pacemaker in the SCN controls glucose homeostasis through its neural projections to hypothalamic hubs that are in control of feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Using hormones such as adrenal glucocorticoids and melatonin and the autonomic nervous system, the SCN modulates critical processes such as glucose production and insulin sensitivity. Peripheral clocks in tissues, such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue serve to enhance and sustain these SCN signals. In the optimal situation all these clocks are synchronized and aligned with behavior and the environmental light/dark cycle. A negative impact on glucose metabolism becomes apparent when the internal timing system becomes disturbed, also known as circadian desynchrony or circadian misalignment. Circadian desynchrony may occur at several levels, as the mistiming of light exposure or sleep will especially affect the central clock, whereas mistiming of food intake or physical activity will especially involve the peripheral clocks. In this review, we will summarize the literature investigating the impact of circadian desynchrony on glucose metabolism and how it may result in the development of insulin resistance. In addition, we will discuss potential strategies aimed at reinstating circadian synchrony to improve insulin sensitivity and contribute to the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

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“…Notably, in nocturnal rats, different to diurnal Arvicanthis , the exposure to dim-light at night decreases nighttime feeding and energy expenditure [ 120 ]. In addition, green and blue light exposure at the late night reduces food intake in rats [ 121 ].…”

Section: Nighttime Light Effects On Eating and Metabolism Of Diurnal Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime Light Hurts Mammalian Physiology: What Diurnal Rodent Models Are Telling Us

Mendoza

2021

Clocks & Sleep

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Natural sunlight permits organisms to synchronize their physiology to the external world. However, in current times, natural sunlight has been replaced by artificial light in both day and nighttime. While in the daytime, indoor artificial light is of lower intensity than natural sunlight, leading to a weak entrainment signal for our internal biological clock, at night the exposure to artificial light perturbs the body clock and sleep. Although electric light at night allows us “to live in darkness”, our current lifestyle facilitates nighttime exposure to light by the use, or abuse, of electronic devices (e.g., smartphones). The chronic exposure to light at nighttime has been correlated to mood alterations, metabolic dysfunctions, and poor cognition. To decipher the brain mechanisms underlying these alterations, fundamental research has been conducted using animal models, principally of nocturnal nature (e.g., mice). Nevertheless, because of the diurnal nature of human physiology, it is also important to find and propose diurnal animal models for the study of the light effects in circadian biology. The present review provides an overview of the effects of light at nighttime on physiology and behavior in diurnal mammals, including humans. Knowing how the brain reacts to artificial light exposure, using diurnal rodent models, is fundamental for the development of new strategies in human health based in circadian biology.

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Metabolic Effects of Light at Night are Time‐ and Wavelength‐Dependent in Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Metabolic Implications of Exposure to Light at Night: Lessons from Animal and Human Studies

Metabolic Implications of Exposure to Light at Night: Lessons from Animal and Human Studies

Circadian desynchrony and glucose metabolism

Nighttime Light Hurts Mammalian Physiology: What Diurnal Rodent Models Are Telling Us

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