Metabolic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the American Kestrel

Lincer, Jeffrey L.; Peakall, David B.

doi:10.1038/228783a0

Cited by 88 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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(Lincer and Peakall, 1970) and exogenous lipophilic chemiThere is increasing interest in cultured hepatocytes as a tool for cals, including many drugs, pollutants, and carcinogenic xesolving toxicological and pharmacological problems while reduc-nobiotics (Porter and Coon, 1991).ing laboratory animal experimentation. In the present study, fetal

Ultrastructural alterations have also been demonstrated in hepatocytes from the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) cells of mammals and teleosts after intoxication by DDT or were used as an in vitro alternative model for evaluating the effects PCBs (Ortega, 1966; Kimbrough et al, 1972; Hinton and of PCBs and various pesticide-type chemicals on cell ultrastruc- Pool, 1976; Hacking et al, 1977;Hinton et al, 1978; Lipsky ture.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Modifications in Cultured Fetal Quail Hepatocytes Exposed to Pesticides and PCBs

Hugla

Goffinet

Kremers

et al. 1996

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Modifications in Cultured Fetal Quail Hepatocytes Exposed to Pesticides and PCBs

Hugla

Goffinet

Kremers

et al. 1996

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Previous studies have shown that polychlorinated biphenyls are inducers of steroid hydroxylases in birds (1,9), and of drug-metabolizing enzymes in animals (10,11). The microsomal hemoprotein, cytochrome P450, has been implicated as the terminal oxidase in the hepatic enzyme systems that metabolize many drugs, other foreign compounds, and normal body constituents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated Biphenyls: A New Type of Inducer of Cytochrome P-448 in the Liver

Alvares

Bickers

Kappas

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

188

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The CO-difference spectrum of microsomes from rats treated with the polychlorinated biphenyls mixture, Aroclor 1254, has an absorption maximum at 448 nm. With ethylisocyananide as the ligand for reduced microsomes, Aroclor 1254 treatment causes a shift in the 455-nm peak to 453 nm and increases the ratio of absorbance of 455 nm to that at 430 nm from 0.53, obtained with untreated rats, to 1.24. These findings are similar to those seen in rats treated with the polycyclic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene, but differ from those that characterize cytochrome P-450 in control or phenobarbitaltreated rats. Aroclor 1254 treatment results in a tripling of cytochrome P-448 content and a 10-fold increase in benzo-[alpyrene hydroxylation. However-unlike 3-methylcholanthrene, but like the phenobarbital type of inducing agents-Aroclor 1254 treatment causes a significant enhancement of ethylmorphine N-demethylase. These data suggest that Aroclor 1254-induced cytochrome P-448 may be catalytically different from the 3-methylcholanthreneinduced P-448 or that the hemoprotein(s) induced by Aroclor 1254 may be a mixture of cytochromes P-448 and P-450 exhibiting catalytic properties of both cytochromes.

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“…The deposition of medullary bone, the chief source of calcium during egg and eggshell formation, is largely controlled by 17,8-estradiol (131), and enhanced estrogen metabolism, or the occupation of estrogen-binding sites by weakly estrogenic DDT metabolites, might result in impaired eggshell formation. Administration of DDT to pigeons enhances the hepatic metabolism of 17,B-estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone (132), and polychlorinated biphenyls (Arochlor 1254 and Arochlor 1262) stimulate hepatic 1 7/8-estradiol metabolism in the pigeon and American kestrel (128,133). Additional studies in birds suggest that halogenated hydrocarbon insecticides may enhance the metabolism of endogenous estrogens in vivo.…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Contaminants On Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Metabolic Interactions Among Environmental Chemicals and Drugs

Conney

Burns

1972

Science

245

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It is evident that metabolic interactions can occur among drugs, insecticides, food additives, carcinogenic hydrocarbons, and a variety of environmental chemicals. A common denominator governing these effects is the versatile nature of the liver microsomal enzymes that metabolize chemicals with diverse structures and biological activities, and the fact that these enzymes can be stimulated or inhibited by other chemicals administered simultaneously. The discovery of these particular enzymes in the 1950's laid the groundwork for the current research on metabolic interactions. Such research provides information that is helpful in the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of drugs and environmental chemicals, and suggests new directions for further research. Some examples are as follows.

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Metabolic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the American Kestrel

Cited by 88 publications

References 10 publications

Ultrastructural Modifications in Cultured Fetal Quail Hepatocytes Exposed to Pesticides and PCBs

Ultrastructural Modifications in Cultured Fetal Quail Hepatocytes Exposed to Pesticides and PCBs

Polychlorinated Biphenyls: A New Type of Inducer of Cytochrome P-448 in the Liver

Metabolic Interactions Among Environmental Chemicals and Drugs

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