Abstract:There is growing awareness that intestinal microbiota alters the energy harvesting capacity of the host and regulates metabolism. It has been postulated that intestinal microbiota are able to degrade unabsorbed dietary components and transform xenobiotic compounds. The resulting microbial metabolites derived from the gastrointestinal tract can potentially enter the circulation system, which, in turn, affects host metabolism. Yet, the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota and its interaction with mammalia… Show more
“…Breast-fed infants had significantly higher acetate, acetone, formate, glutamine, methanol, proline and myo-inositol. In contrast, formula-fed infants had higher urea, creatine, essential amino acids (threonine and valine) and their amino acid catabolism by-products (2-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate), choline, and the host-microbial co-metabolite dimethyl sulfone 15 (Table 1). There were no significant differences in the overall composition or individual metabolite concentrations between formula-fed infants assigned to the lactose- or CSS-based formula at baseline (one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey HSD test, data not shown), although a weak average effect size of 0.45 for all measured metabolites at baseline (semi-fasted state) between infants fed CSS and infants fed lactose-based formula was observed.Figure 1Principal components analysis (PCA) reveals differences between breastfed and formula-fed infants at baseline and after feeding.…”
Lactose intolerance is a major concern driving the growth of lactose-free foods including lactose-free infant formula. It is unknown what the metabolic consequence is of consumption of a formula where lactose has been replaced with corn syrup solids (CSS). Here, a randomized double-blinded intervention study was conducted where exclusively formula-fed infants were fed formula containing either lactose or CSS-based infant formula and compared with an equal number of exclusively breast-fed infants. Plasma metabolites and insulin were measured at baseline, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after feeding. Differences in plasma metabolite profiles for formula-fed infants included a rapid increase in circulating amino acids, creatinine and urea compared with breast-fed infants. At 120 min post-feeding, insulin was significantly elevated in formula-fed compared with breast-fed infants. Infants fed lactose-based formula had the highest levels of glucose at 120 min, and leucine, isoleucine, valine and proline at 90 and 120 min, whereas infants fed CSS-based formula had the lowest levels of non-esterified fatty acids at all time points, and glucose at 120 min. Overall, these differences highlight that changes in infant formula composition impact infant metabolism, and show that metabolomics is a powerful tool to help with development of improved infant formulas.
“…Breast-fed infants had significantly higher acetate, acetone, formate, glutamine, methanol, proline and myo-inositol. In contrast, formula-fed infants had higher urea, creatine, essential amino acids (threonine and valine) and their amino acid catabolism by-products (2-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate), choline, and the host-microbial co-metabolite dimethyl sulfone 15 (Table 1). There were no significant differences in the overall composition or individual metabolite concentrations between formula-fed infants assigned to the lactose- or CSS-based formula at baseline (one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey HSD test, data not shown), although a weak average effect size of 0.45 for all measured metabolites at baseline (semi-fasted state) between infants fed CSS and infants fed lactose-based formula was observed.Figure 1Principal components analysis (PCA) reveals differences between breastfed and formula-fed infants at baseline and after feeding.…”
Lactose intolerance is a major concern driving the growth of lactose-free foods including lactose-free infant formula. It is unknown what the metabolic consequence is of consumption of a formula where lactose has been replaced with corn syrup solids (CSS). Here, a randomized double-blinded intervention study was conducted where exclusively formula-fed infants were fed formula containing either lactose or CSS-based infant formula and compared with an equal number of exclusively breast-fed infants. Plasma metabolites and insulin were measured at baseline, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after feeding. Differences in plasma metabolite profiles for formula-fed infants included a rapid increase in circulating amino acids, creatinine and urea compared with breast-fed infants. At 120 min post-feeding, insulin was significantly elevated in formula-fed compared with breast-fed infants. Infants fed lactose-based formula had the highest levels of glucose at 120 min, and leucine, isoleucine, valine and proline at 90 and 120 min, whereas infants fed CSS-based formula had the lowest levels of non-esterified fatty acids at all time points, and glucose at 120 min. Overall, these differences highlight that changes in infant formula composition impact infant metabolism, and show that metabolomics is a powerful tool to help with development of improved infant formulas.
“…Little is known regarding DMSO2, but a recent study showed an impressive increase in DMSO2 concentrations in obese subjects after several bariatric procedures [62], which have been shown to produce significant improvements in obesity and hypertension, partly due to changes in the microbiota composition [63,64]. Interestingly, DMSO2 may derive from microbial metabolism of methionine [65], thereby reflecting a change in the gut microbiome composition. Consistently, we found a positive correlation between DMSO2 and Bacteroidaceae, both increased after hesperidin supplementation.…”
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global epidemic concern. Polyphenols are proposed as good candidates for its prevention, although their mechanisms are not fully understood. The gut microbiota seems to play a key role in polyphenol beneficial effects. Here, we assessed the effects of the citrus polyphenol hesperidin combining an untargeted metabolomics approach, which has an inherent potential to elucidate the host-microbiome interplay, with extensive anthropometric and biochemical characterizations and integrating metabolomics results with our previous 16S rRNA bacterial sequencing data. The rats were fed either a standard or an obesogenic cafeteria diet (CAF) for 17 weeks. After nine weeks, rats were supplemented with vehicle; low- (H1), or high- (H2) hesperidin doses. CAF animals developed MetS features. Hesperidin supplementation in CAF rats decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-C, and free fatty acids. The highest hesperidin dose also ameliorated blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and decreased markers of arterial stiffness and inflammation. Metabolomics revealed an improvement of the lipidomic profile, decreases in circulating amino acids, and lower excretions of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related metabolites. Bacteroidaceae increases in the CAF-H2 group paralleled higher excretions of microbial-derived metabolites. Overall, our results provide detailed insights into the molecular effects of hesperidin on MetS and suggest that it is a promising prebiotic for the treatment of MetS and related conditions.
“…Destabilising the meniscus showed none of the above features except a reduction in creatine and elevation in dimethylsulfone (DMSO 2 ) 42 . Interestingly DMSO 2 is a metabolite of gastrointestinal bacteria, suggesting a link between the gut microbiome and OA 43 . Proteoglycan destruction at the cleavage sites could liberate glutamine, suggesting a mechanism to increase levels.…”
s u m m a r yObjective: To perform a systematic review of the small molecule metabolism studies of osteoarthritis utilising nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis (viz., metabolomics or metabonomics), thereby providing coherent conclusions and reference material for future study. Method: We applied PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO 95068) with the following MESH terms: 1. "osteoarthritis" AND ("metabolic" OR "metabonomic" OR "metabolomic" OR "metabolism") 2. ("synovial fluid" OR "cartilage" OR "synovium" OR "serum" OR "plasma" OR "urine") AND ("NMR" or "Mass Spectroscopy"). Databases searched were "Medline" and "Embase". Studies were searched in English and excluded review articles not containing original research. Study outcomes were significant or notable metabolites, species (human or animal) and the NewcastleeOttawa Score. Results: In the 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, there was a shift towards anaerobic and fatty acid metabolism in OA disease, although whether this represents the inflammatory state remains unclear. Lipid structure and composition was altered within disease subclasses including phosphatidyl choline (PC) and the sphingomyelins. Macromolecular proteoglycan destruction was described, but the correlation to disease factors was not demonstrated. Collated results suggested arachidonate signalling pathways and androgen sex hormones as future metabolic pathways for investigation. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrates significant small molecule differences between sample types, between species (such as human and bovine), with potential OA biomarkers and targets for local or systemic therapies. Studies were limited by numbers and a lack of disease correlation. Future studies should use NMR and MS analysis to further investigate large population subgroups including inflammatory arthropathy, OA subclasses, age and joint differences.Crown
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
