Metabolic health and weight: Understanding metabolically unhealthy normal weight or metabolically healthy obese patients

Mathew, Hannah; Farr, Olivia M.; Mantzoros, Christos S.

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.019

Cited by 142 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Surprisingly, MHO individuals frequently represent a high fitness level, which is associated with less visceral and intrahepatic fat content [6]. This may explain the fact that the lifestyle and diet change have no effect on BMI modifications in these subjects [32,37]. Other studies suggest that the occurrence of the MHO phenotype is not related to physical activity, alcohol consumption, or diet.…”

Section: Metabolically Healthy Obese (Mho)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some researchers evaluate that 23.5% of normal-weight adults represent the metabolically obese normal-weight subgroup, when metabolic syndrome criteria are used. However other data suggest that this phenotype prevalence is 3-28%, depending on the used definition of metabolic risk [26,32,33]. Regarding race, there have been distinctions in prevalence of MONW phenotype -some studies have shown that Asians are more likely to be MONW than typically obese.…”

Section: Metabolically Obese Normal-weight (Monw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding race, there have been distinctions in prevalence of MONW phenotype -some studies have shown that Asians are more likely to be MONW than typically obese. According to Mathew et al, Chinese people have a higher risk of intra-abdominal obesity and ectopic accumulation of fat, even if they tend to be lean [32].…”

Section: Metabolically Obese Normal-weight (Monw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Samocha-Bonet et al suggest that 30% of MHO people may be transitioned to the metabolically unhealthy obese group, while others propose as many as 50% [8]. Thus, longitudinal studies seem to be crucial to evaluate the possibility of developing metabolic complications typical of obesity [32]. Surprisingly, MHO individuals frequently represent a high fitness level, which is associated with less visceral and intrahepatic fat content [6].…”

Section: Metabolically Healthy Obese (Mho)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies suggest that the occurrence of the MHO phenotype is not related to physical activity, alcohol consumption, or diet. However, some researches point out smoking and lower education levels as potential risk factors [32,38].…”

Section: Metabolically Healthy Obese (Mho)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity phenotypes: normal-weight individuals with metabolic disorders versus metabolically healthy obese

Cembrowska

Stefańska

Odrowąż-Sypniewska

2017

Medical Research Journal

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According to recent studies, adipose tissue secretes a large number of bioactive proteins, which affect the whole body metabolism. The amount of adipose tissue is the main factor that explains metabolic disorders; however, obesity is not necessarily the result of increased body weight. Interestingly, there is a subgroup of patients with normal weight and high-risk metabolic profile. Consequently, they are significantly more likely to have metabolic disorders or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conversely, some individuals, called metabolically healthy obese (MHO), demonstrate a favourable metabolic profile despite having high BMI index and excessive adipose tissue.The aim of this paper is to review recent studies about obesity phenotypes. Better understanding of differences between metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) and MHO may improve the therapy and treatment of metabolic health in all obese patients. Equally importantly, it may lead to an increase in early detection of individuals with metabolic disorders, regardless of their body mass value or BMI.

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Section: Metabolically Healthy Obese (Mho)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Metabolically Obese Normal-weight (Monw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolically Obese Normal-weight (Monw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolically Healthy Obese (Mho)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolically Healthy Obese (Mho)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity phenotypes: normal-weight individuals with metabolic disorders versus metabolically healthy obese

Cembrowska

Stefańska

Odrowąż-Sypniewska

2017

Medical Research Journal

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Association Between Overweight/Obesity Metabolic Phenotypes Defined by Two Criteria of Metabolic Abnormality and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis in a Chinese Population

Qiu,

Fan,

Liu

et al. 2024

Clinical Cardiology

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ObjectivesObesity/overweight and metabolic anomalies are known to be associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the association between different body weights, varying metabolic statuses, and the occurrence of CVD in the Chinese population. Thus, we performed this study to explore the relation between different metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes and the prevalence of CVD.MethodsWe analyzed data from 9075 participants in the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. Participants were classified into four metabolic phenotypes based on their metabolic status and obesity/overweight status. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between CVD and different groups. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis to further explore the relationship between CVD and different metabolic abnormalities.ResultsCompared to metabolically healthy non‐overweight/obesity (MHNO) individuals, both overweight/obesity and metabolic anomalies were positively associated with CVD prevalence. Among other metabolically unhealthy and overweight/obesity phenotypes, metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) generally exhibited a comparatively lower association with CVD. In the elderly, high waist circumference was significantly associated with CVD, rather than body weight. Further analysis revealed that hypertension had the strongest association with CVD.ConclusionElderly individuals should place more emphasis on managing their waist circumference rather than only on BMI. CVD prevention should focus on both body weight management and treatment of metabolic diseases, with particular emphasis on antihypertensive therapy.

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Phenotyping obesity: A focus on metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy normal weight

Agius,

Pace,

Fava

2023

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Over the past 4 decades, research has shown that having a normal body weight does not automatically imply preserved metabolic health and a considerable number of lean individuals harbour metabolic abnormalities typically associated with obesity. Conversely, excess adiposity does not always equate with an abnormal metabolic profile. In fact, evidence exists for the presence of a metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW) and a metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype. It has become increasingly recognised that different fat depots exert different effects on the metabolic profile of each individual by virtue of their location, structure and function, giving rise to these different body composition phenotypes. Furthermore, other factors have been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of the body composition phenotypes, including genetics, ethnicity, age and lifestyle/behavioural factors. Even though to date both MHO and MUHNW have been widely investigated and documented in the literature, studies report different outcomes on long‐term cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Future large‐scale, observational and population‐based studies are required for better profiling of these phenotypes as well as to further elucidate the pathophysiological role of the adipocyte in the onset of metabolic disorders to allow for better risk stratification and a personalised treatment paradigm.

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Metabolic health and weight: Understanding metabolically unhealthy normal weight or metabolically healthy obese patients

Cited by 142 publications

References 91 publications

Obesity phenotypes: normal-weight individuals with metabolic disorders versus metabolically healthy obese

Obesity phenotypes: normal-weight individuals with metabolic disorders versus metabolically healthy obese

Association Between Overweight/Obesity Metabolic Phenotypes Defined by Two Criteria of Metabolic Abnormality and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis in a Chinese Population

Phenotyping obesity: A focus on metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy normal weight

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