Metabolic Markers Associated with Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Single Low Dose Streptozotocin in Rats

Abstract

Science is still searching for readily available, cost-effective biomarkers to assess metabolic disorders occurring before the onset and during the development of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to induce T2DM in rats through a high-fat diet, followed by a single administration of low dose streptozotocin (STZ), and make an assessment of the development of the disease. The rats were divided into two groups—experimental and control—and were monitored for a period of 10 days. Changes in anthropometric parameters, glucose, insulin, lipids, uric acid, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as the histological changes in the liver and pancreas, were recorded. To assess insulin resistance, we used the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-β) and visceral obesity—adiposity index (AI). The data demonstrate that the increasing values of glucose, HOMA-IR, AI, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low- and very-low-density lipoproteins are important markers of the pre-diabetic state. The stable hyperglycemia and increased levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL, uric acid and AOPP in DR strongly suggest the development of T2DM. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, AI, and uric acid are reliable criteria for T2DM in rats.

Therapeutic potential of glabridin and gymnemic acid alleviates eye choroidal thickness and neovascularization in diabetic model rats

“…Because of its low cost and the fact that it has less adverse effects than other medications, it is one of the diabetogenic medications. Specifically, the process of the alkylation of DNA is linked to the specific harmful impact that it has on β-cells that are located within the pancreas (14). Because of this, the production of the hormone insulin is slowed, which is a consequence of the action.…”

Liraglutide Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via the ILK/PI3K/AKT/PTEN Signaling Pathway in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…DCM, an unfavorable condition resulting from type 2 diabetes [ 31 ], was modeled in this study using the STZ/high-fat diet (HFD) model [ 32 ]. This model is renowned for inducing characteristics akin to type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance, which affects glucose uptake by cardiac cells and disrupts energy metabolism, thereby leading to cardiac anomalies resembling diabetic cardiomyopathy [ 33 , 34 ]. The early stages of DCM manifest various pathological changes, including left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Therapeutic Potential of Glabridin and Gymnemic Acid Alleviates Choroid Thickness and Neovascularization in Diabetic Rat

“…Because of its low cost and the fact that it has less adverse effects than other medications, it is one of the diabetogenic medications. Specifically, the process of alkylation of DNA is linked to the specific harmful impact that it has on β-cells that are located within the pancreas [12]. Because of this, the production of the hormone insulin is slowed down, which is a consequence of the action.…”