Metabolic profiles of pathogen-challenged mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. as a tool for disease diagnosis

Abstract

Metabolic profiles were detected in healthy and flacherie (inoculated with Bacillus sp.) and grasserie (inoculated with polyhedral bodies)-diseased Bombyx mori larvae. Free amino acids were separated and quantitatively determined by using hydrolysis method. Further, nitrogen (N) percentage was estimated with micro-Kieldahl method. Whereas, phosphor-molybdate method was applied for phosphorus (P) analysis. Results revealed that distinct differences in the amounts of eighteen individual amino acids in healthy and diseased silkworm 5 th larval instar were found. The highest amino acids concentration was recorded in healthy larvae (224.05 mg/g tissue), while the lowest concentration was found in Gr-diseased larvae (177.77 mg/g tissue). Fl-diseased larvae inoculated with Bacillus sp. showed elevation in certain amino acids comparing with Gr-diseased larvae inoculated with of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) occluded bodies. N and P percentages in Fl and Gr diseases recorded (N = 2.57%, P = 0.29%), (N = 3.86%, P = 0.32%) respectively, compared with healthy larvae (N = 1.63%, P = 0.23%). The present study reveals that a decrease in amino acids in fifth-larval stage implies an increase in N and P percentages in both bacterial and viral infected larvae. It is concluded that the determination of biochemical responses in silkworm against infections may be considered as bio-analytical markers, which are useful for early disease diagnosis and developing disease resistant breeds.

Performance of Bombyx mori and Samia cynthia ricini silkworms under controlled environmental conditions in Uasin Gishu County

“…Double cocoons occur when two silkworms spin the silk together, it occurs when temperature is high, in this research majority of double cocoons were observed in L5, this is due to high temperatures recorded in L5 which causes the mature worms to crowd thereby resulting to the spinning of cocoons together, this agrees with Taha et al (2014) [23] . Inside stained cocoon occurs when the pupa dies inside the cocoon causing stain, it occurs when the temperatures become low causing longer larval duration making the worm to be susceptible to diseases thus death, this could explain the phenomenon of highest percentage recorded in L2, where the temperatures were the lowest compared to other structurers.…”