Metabolic profiling and in vivo hepatoprotective activity ofMalpighiaglabraL. leaves

Abstract

Although Malpighia glabra Linn. fruits are well studied for their nutritional and medicinal prominence; little attention has been given to the leaves. Our study intends to investigate the leaves metabolic profile using Q-TOF LC/MS/MS (Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-Liquid-Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry), and to explore their in vivo hepatoprotective activity in rats using CCL 4-induced hepatic damage model and silymarin as standard. Fifty metabolites were characterized, belonging to different classes; coumarins (capensine, daphnoretin, and scopoletin), flavonoids (mainly quercetin and apigenin glycosides), phenolic acids (cinnamic acid and quinic acid derivatives) and amino acids (adenosine, homoisoleucine, and phenylalanine).These compounds are detected in the leaves for the first time. The hepatoprotective activity at three doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) was investigated. The dose of 800 mg/Kg showed the highest hepatoprotective effect as it reduced the elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, NO, and TNF-α liver content by 26, 24, 23, and 42%, respectively, it also remarkably increased the serum level of catalase by 102%. All the tested doses showed higher reduction in serum level of TNF-α compared to silymarin which suggests their strong anti-inflammatory potential. M. glabra leaves are revealed to be a rich source of secondary metabolites and proved to possess significant hepatoprotective potential. 2 | MATERIAL AND ME THODS 2.1 | Plant material Fresh M. glabra L. leaves were gathered from Orman Botanic Garden since May 2018, it was kindly authenticated by Dr. Moustafa Mohammed Abd El-Kader, head of the herbarium at Orman Botanic Garden, Egypt. A voucher specimen of M. glabra L. was reserved at the Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University with serial number 1.3.1.2019(4). 2.2 | Chemicals, reagents, and kits Chemicals and reagents: Ethanol for extraction was supplied from El-Gomhorya Company, Egypt. For LC/MSMS analysis; HPLC grade solvents were acquired from Fisher Scientific Chemicals. For biological activities; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Loba Chemie for Laboratory Reagents and Fine Chemicals for industrial use, CCL 4 was acquired from El-Gomhorya Company for drugs and chemicals, Egypt. Standard silymarin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Kits: Nitric oxide (NO), Catalase, Alanine transaminase (ALT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Aspartate transaminase (AST), were all purchased from Biodiagnostic, Inc., (Egypt). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was bought from Glory science co. for Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). 2.3 | Extract preparation M. glabra L. leaves (450 g) were air dried and powdered. They were macerated in 80% ethanol for 2 week at room temperature and filtered. Using a rotary evaporator, the ethanol was evaporated at 45°C. Maceration, filtration and evaporation processes were repeated till exhaustion to give 74.24 g dry residue. 2.4 | Q-TOF LC/MS/MS analysis Sample preparation and detailed analysis conditions are provided in supplementary file S-...

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) Anti-Inflammatory Activity—A Review

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Biopolymer Development from Acerola (Malpighia spp.) Waste: A Sustainable Approach to Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical Applications and Environmental Preservation

“…Due to its composition, the acerola fruit exhibits a set of well-documented properties like antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antitumor, antigenotoxic, and hepatoprotective activity [1,22,36], anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial, anti-obesity [37], anti-fungal, and free radical scavenging activity [38]. These bioactive properties have stimulated acerola consumption as fresh fruit or processed products [4].…”

Acerola (Malpigia granatolistna, Malpighia emarginata DC./Malpighia glabra L.) – zastosowanie w żywieniu, profilaktyce zdrowia oraz w pozyskiwaniu substancji o znaczeniu przemysłowym

“…Źródło: opracowanie własne na podstawie (Assis, 2021;El-Hawary, 2021;Menezes, de Melo i Vieira, 2021;Olszanecka-Glinianowicz i Zahorska-Markiewicz, 2008;Sousa, 2020;Souza, 2020;Tirosh i Calay, 2019;Vieira, Battistini i in., 2021;Vieira, de Souza i in., 2021;Vinolo i Rodrigues, 2011;Wang i in., 2021). Source: own study on the basis of (Assis, 2021;El-Hawary, 2021;Menezes, de Melo and Vieira, 2021;Olszanecka-Glinianowicz and Zahorska-Markiewicz, 2008;Sousa, 2020;Souza, 2020;Tirosh and Calay, 2019;Vieira, Battistini et al, 2021;Vieira, de Souza et al, 2021;Vinolo and Rodrigues, 2011;Wang et al, 2021).…”