Metabolic profiling of Kaempferia galanga leaf and rhizome extract using GC-MS

Abstract

Kaempferia galanga Linn. is an endangered rhizomatous medicinal plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. It has evolved as an emerging industrial crop and dominates pharma as well as aroma sector. Though the extracts of this species have been extensively used in herbal medicine across the globe for the treatment of numerous diseases, but still the composition of the extract is not characterized properly. Thus, methanol extracts of K. galanga leaves and rhizomes were subjected to phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the phytoconstituents. Leaf extract contained more TPC and TFC values as compared to rhizome extract. A total of eight and ten compounds were identified in the leaf and rhizome extract accounting for 61.44% and 96.97% of the total peak area respectively. Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate was found as the main constituent in rhizome extract covering 80.39% of the total area. Other important compounds like ethyl cinnamate (9.61±0.45%), pentadecane (3.12±0.2%) were also found in the rhizome extract, whereas leaf extract contained 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (18.26%), 2-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (14.01%), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (11.79%). The study indicated that K. galanga is a good source of phytoconstituents which can be used at the industrial level to produce pharmaceuticals, perfumes and flavouring agents.

An in vitro analysis on the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of Kaempferia galanga rhizome using different solvent systems

“…[ 1 ] KGR has a bioactive compound called isopimarane and diterpenoids which is responsible for its anti-inflammatory effect. [ 2 ] KGR is an important functional food because of its ameliorative protective potential. [ 3 ] The antitumor potential of the polysaccharides of KGR can be studied by different structural characterization techniques[ 4 ] In the current study, ethanolic extract proved to give the maximum efficiency when compared to aqueous extract.…”

Validation of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Quantification of Ethyl p-Methoxycinnamate in Kaempferia galanga Extract

“…Therefore, it is necessary to determine the EPMC content in the Kaempferia galanga extract to ensure that the EPMC content meets the requirements stated in the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (IHP) II 16 . In previous studies, the EPMC content in Kaempferia galanga extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 17 . However, GC-MS has several disadvantages in analyzing a compound, including it is only limited to volatile compounds hence non-volatile compounds must be derivatized; cannot be used for the analysis of compounds that are unstable at high temperatures because they will decompose at the start of separation; the range of compounds that can be analyzed is limited; low reproducibility; and poor quantification 18,19 .…”