Acknowledgements 21We thank the staff of Kainuu Fisheries Research Station for their help in catching, breeding 22 and rearing fish, Dr. Hannu Huuskonen for advice in setting up the respirometry, and Dr. 23Chris Elvidge for comments on the manuscript. J.M.P.,
Abstract 27The behavior of organisms can affect their vulnerability to human induced selection, 28 including recreational angling. Angling is expected to select fish with bold behavior, which 29 may be linked to low stress responses through stress coping styles. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) 30 is an intensively fished salmonid, and thus provides a relevant model to study artificial 31 human-induced selection by angling. We used a selection experiment with fish possessing 32 high or low vulnerability to angling to understand the consequences on traits related to stress 33 coping styles and metabolic rate. We produced selection lines in two populations of brown 34 trout -one wild and one reared in captivity for several generations-and reared the offspring in 35 common garden conditions. We then assessed minimum and average metabolic rates, 36 boldness and sensitivity to stress in juveniles at the age of 1 year. Angling selection had 37 population-specific effects on risk taking -related latency and exploration tendency, and 38 populations differed on average in several measured traits, which could be due to a 39 combination of genetic and non-genetic effects. Our study provides evidence for angling 40 induced selection in fish personality and suggests that metabolic rate and stress sensitivity 41 might also be affected. The results can be explained by contrasting frequencies of proactive 42 and reactive stress coping style in the two populations. 43 44
Significance statement: 45Hunting and fishing by humans, as any predation, can select individuals with bold behaviors, 46 which potentially leads to an increase in shyness in prey populations. Because this is expected 47 from highly vulnerable parents, but having only a weak effect on in juveniles from the wild 52 population. Our study implies that angling selection can lead to accumulating behavioral, 53 stress sensitivity and metabolic change over time.
