Metabolic Regulation of Brain Response to Food Cues

Araújo, Ivan E. de; Lin, Tammy; Veldhuizen, Maria G.; Small, Dana M.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.001

Cited by 97 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Although the KO mice consumed less GϩS than the WT mice, their stable intakes in tests 2-5 and their strong preference for GϩS over saccharin indicates that the post-oral inhibitory actions of the glucose did not condition an aversion to the GϩS solution. [1][2][3][4][5] vs. water conducted with SGLT1 KO and WT mice. Water licks in these tests were minimal (Ͻ40/h) and are not presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SGLT1 sugar transporter/sensor is required for post-oral glucose appetition

Sclafani

Koepsell

Ackroff

2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Recent findings suggest that the intestinal sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) glucose transporter and sensor mediates, in part, the appetite-stimulation actions of intragastric (IG) glucose and nonmetabolizable α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside (MDG) infusions in mice. Here, we investigated the role of SGLT1 in sugar conditioning using SGLT1 knockout (KO) and C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice. An initial experiment revealed that both KO and WT mice maintained on a very low-carbohydrate diet display normal preferences for saccharin, which was used in the flavored conditioned stimulus (CS) solutions. In experiment 2, mice were trained to drink one flavored solution (CS+) paired with an IG MDG infusion and a different flavored solution (CS-) paired with IG water infusion. In contrast to WT mice, KO mice decreased rather than increased the intake of the CS+ during training and failed to prefer the CS+ over the CS- in a choice test. In experiment 3, the KO mice also decreased their intake of a CS+ paired with IG glucose and avoided the CS+ in a choice test, unlike WT mice, which preferred the CS+ to CS-. In experiment 4, KO mice, like WT mice preferred a glucose + saccharin solution to a saccharin solution. These findings support the involvement of SGLT1 in post-oral glucose and MDG conditioning. The results also indicate that sugar malabsorption in KO mice has inhibitory effects on sugar intake but does not block their natural preference for sweet taste.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, fructose has post-oral conditioning effects in other inbred mouse strains (FVB, SWR), as well as in flies (6,11,15,27). Human food preferences are influenced by the post-oral actions of glucose, but evidence for fructose appetition is lacking (3,5,33).…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

SGLT1 sugar transporter/sensor is required for post-oral glucose appetition

Sclafani

Koepsell

Ackroff

2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…For example, if a flavor is associated with the postingestive consequences produced by a high energy food, the preference for the food will be altered in what are termed learned appetites and satieties (Booth, 1985). These effects have been extensively studies in rodents (Ackroff and Sclafani, 2014;de Araujo et al, 2012ade Araujo et al, , 2013Sclafani, 2013).…”

Section: Relevance To the Control Of Food Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing in the brain

Rolls¹

2015

Progress in Neurobiology

221

217

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“…Also, unlike in the B6 mouse, fructose supported post-oral preferences in the fly (16,36). Humans learn to prefer the flavor of glucose-rich drinks based on the sugar's post-oral actions (6,11,65). Recent fMRI data were interpreted as evidence that fructose activates the human brain reward system more than glucose (41), but behavioral evidence for fructose reward was not presented.…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Post-oral appetite stimulation by sugars and nonmetabolizable sugar analogs

Zukerman

Ackroff

Sclafani

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

131

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Zukerman S, Ackroff K, Sclafani A. Post-oral appetite stimulation by sugars and nonmetabolizable sugar analogs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 305: R840 -R853, 2013. First published August 7, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00297.2013.-Post-oral sugar actions enhance the intake of and preference for sugar-rich foods, a process referred to as appetition. Here, we investigated the role of intestinal sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) in sugar appetition in C57BL/6J mice using sugars and nonmetabolizable sugar analogs that differ in their affinity for SGLT1 and SGLT3. In experiments 1 and 2, food-restricted mice were trained (1 h/day) to consume a flavored saccharin solution [conditioned stimulus (CSϪ)] paired with intragastric (IG) self-infusions of water and a different flavored solution (CSϩ) paired with infusions of 8 or 12% sugars (glucose, fructose, and galactose) or sugar analogs (␣-methyl-D-glucopyranoside, MDG; 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranoside, OMG). Subsequent twobottle CSϩ vs. CSϪ choice tests were conducted without coinfusions. Infusions of the SGLT1 ligands glucose, galactose, MDG, and OMG stimulated CSϩ licking above CSϪ levels. However, only glucose, MDG, and galactose conditioned significant CSϩ preferences, with the SGLT3 ligands (glucose, MDG) producing the strongest preferences. Fructose, which is not a ligand for SGLTs, failed to stimulate CSϩ intake or preference. Experiment 3 revealed that IG infusion of MDGϩphloridzin (an SGLT1/3 antagonist) blocked MDG appetition, whereas phloridzin had minimal effects on glucose-induced appetition. However, adding phloretin (a GLUT2 antagonist) to the glucoseϩphloridzin infusion blocked glucose appetition. Taken together, these findings suggest that humoral signals generated by intestinal SGLT1 and SGLT3, and to a lesser degree, GLUT2, mediate post-oral sugar appetition in mice. The MDG results indicate that sugar metabolism is not essential for the post-oral intake-stimulating and preference-conditioning actions of sugars in mice.post-oral sugar conditioning; glucose; fructose; galactose FOOD INTAKE AND PREFERENCE are guided by oral sensations (taste, odor, and mouth feel) that contribute to the identification and hedonic evaluation of food flavor. Considerable progress has been made in identifying the taste receptors that respond to sugar, fat, and amino acids that provide attractive sweet, fatty, and umami flavors to foods (8). The appetite for such foods is further enhanced by the post-oral actions of ingested nutrients (50). This is demonstrated in laboratory rodents by the intake stimulation and learned preferences for arbitrary flavors (conditioned stimuli, CS) that are paired with gastric or intestinal infusions of sugar, fat, and proteins (or glutamate) (50). However, relatively little is known about the sites and identities of the sensors that mediate the post-oral appetite-stimulating actions of nutrients, a process we refer to as appetition (48). In the case of sugars, several findings implicate the upper small intestine as a primary site of a...

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Metabolic Regulation of Brain Response to Food Cues

Cited by 97 publications

References 45 publications

SGLT1 sugar transporter/sensor is required for post-oral glucose appetition

SGLT1 sugar transporter/sensor is required for post-oral glucose appetition

Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing in the brain

Post-oral appetite stimulation by sugars and nonmetabolizable sugar analogs

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