Metabolic responses and “omics” technologies for elucidating the effects of heat stress in dairy cows

Li, Min; Zhao, Shengguo; Tian, He; Zhou, Xu; Zhang, Yangdong; Li, Songli; Yang, Huanmin; Zheng, Nan; Wang, Jiaqi

doi:10.1007/s00484-016-1283-z

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Our in vitro data showed that the hyperthermal stress suppressed ruminal fermentation, which was mainly attributed to decreased propionate production. This explains previous indications that heat stress alters carbohydrate metabolism, leading to lower plasma glucose and lactose secretion in the milk . In line with decreased propionate, the disappearance of NFCs was also lowered by the hyperthermal stress, and our data on microbial abundances suggest heat sensitivity of some starch‐degrading microbes like the genus Succinivibrio .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This explains previous indications that heat stress alters carbohydrate metabolism, leading to lower plasma glucose and lactose secretion in the milk. 49 In line with decreased propionate, the disappearance of NFCs was also lowered by the hyperthermal stress, and our data on microbial abundances suggest heat sensitivity of some starch-degrading microbes like the genus Succinivibrio. 50 On the contrary, the hyperthermal stress promoted NDF degradation despite the decreased abundance of the genus Fibrobactor, which was consistent with a previous study in cattle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Betaine addition as a potent ruminal fermentation modulator under hyperthermal and hyperosmotic conditions in vitro

Mahmood

Petri

Gavrău³

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Climatic and dietary shifts predispose ruminal microbes to hyperthermal and hyperosmotic stress, leading to poor fermentation and subsequently adverse effects on ruminant productivity. Betaine may function as substrate, osmolyte, antioxidant, and methyl donor for microbes. However, its effect depends on the extent of microbial catabolism. This study revealed the ruminal disappearance kinetics of betaine and its dose effect on ruminal fermentation during thermal and osmotic stress using a rumen simulation technique. RESULTS Three different betaine doses were used: 0, 50, and 286 mg L−1; each was assigned to two incubation temperatures (39.5 and 42 °C) and two osmotic conditions (295 and 420 mOsmol kg−1). Betaine disappeared rapidly within the first 6 h of incubation; however, the rate was lower during hyperosmotic stress (P < 0.05), the stress condition that also suppressed the overall fermentation and degradation of organic nutrients and decreased the bacterial diversity (P < 0.001). During hyperosmotic stress, betaine shifted the fermentation pathway to more propionate (P < 0.05). Betaine counteracted the negative effect of hyperthermal stress on total short‐chain fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05) without affecting the composition. Both stress conditions shifted the bacterial composition, but the effect of betaine was minimal. CONCLUSION Despite its rapid ruminal disappearance, betaine modulated microbial fermentation in different ways depending on stress conditions, indicating the plasticity of the betaine effect in response to various kinds of physicochemical stress. Although betaine did not affect the abundance of ruminal microbiota, the enhanced fermentation suggests an improved microbial metabolic activity under stress conditions. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Betaine addition as a potent ruminal fermentation modulator under hyperthermal and hyperosmotic conditions in vitro

Mahmood

Petri

Gavrău³

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Srikanth et al (2017) identified genes involved in apoptosis, immune response, and metabolism as major genes implicated in the heat stress response of Holstein bull calves subjected to heat stress conditions for 12 hours. Moreover, several studies have reported heat shock factors as principal molecular chaperones involved in cellular response to heat stress in dairy cattle, including protection from protein aggregation, misfolding, and thermal insults (Collier et al, 2008; Min et al, 2015; Min et al, 2017). On the other hand, there is limited knowledge on individual genes and functional pathways implicated in cow’s ability to produce milk under heat stress conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Mapping Reveals Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Milk Production Under Heat Stress in US Holstein Cows

et al. 2019

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Heat stress represents a major environmental factor that negatively affects the health and performance of dairy cows, causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry. Identifying and selecting animals that are thermotolerant is an attractive alternative for reducing the negative effects of heat stress on dairy cattle performance. As such, the objectives of the present study were to estimate genetic components of milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield considering heat stress and to perform whole-genome scans and a subsequent gene-set analysis for identifying candidate genes and functional gene-sets implicated in milk production under heat stress conditions. Data consisted of about 254k test-day records from 17,522 Holstein cows. Multi-trait repeatability test day models with random regressions on a function of temperature-humidity index (THI) values were used for genetic analyses. The models included herd-test-day and DIM classes as fixed effects, and general and thermotolerance additive genetic and permanent environmental as random effects. Notably, thermotolerance additive genetic variances for all milk traits increased across parities suggesting that cows become more sensitive to heat stress as they age. In addition, our study revealed negative genetic correlations between general and thermotolerance additive effects, ranging between −0.18 to −0.68 indicating that high producing cows are more susceptible to heat stress. The association analysis identified at least three different genomic regions on BTA5, BTA14, and BTA15 strongly associated with milk production under heat stress conditions. These regions harbor candidate genes, such as HSF1, MAPK8IP1, and CDKN1B that are directly involved in the cellular response to heat stress. Moreover, the gene-set analysis revealed several functional terms related to heat shock proteins, apoptosis, immune response, and oxidative stress, among others. Overall, the genes and pathways identified in this study provide a better understanding of the genetic architecture underlying dairy cow performance under heat stress conditions. Our findings point out novel opportunities for improving thermotolerance in dairy cattle through marker-assisted breeding.

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“…Temperature increase due to global warming will be detrimental to swine health and production. The global temperature has already been raising at an average of 0.13 • C over the past 50 years [41]. Pigs are particularly vulnerable due to their lack of functional sweat glands, and the thick layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue that they possess which impedes effective radiant heat loss [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Novel Insights and Suggest a Sex-Specific Response to Heat Stress in Pigs

Srikanth

Park

et al. 2020

Genes

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Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts pig production and swine health. Therefore, to understand the genetic and metabolic responses of pigs to HS, we used RNA-Seq and high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR analyses to compare the transcriptomes and metabolomes of Duroc pigs (n = 6, 3 barrows and 3 gilts) exposed to heat stress (33 °C and 60% RH) with a control group (25 °C and 60% RH). HS resulted in the differential expression of 552 (236 up, 316 down) and 879 (540 up, 339 down) genes and significant enrichment of 30 and 31 plasma metabolites in female and male pigs, respectively. Apoptosis, response to heat, Toll-like receptor signaling and oxidative stress were enriched among the up-regulated genes, while negative regulation of the immune response, ATP synthesis and the ribosomal pathway were enriched among down-regulated genes. Twelve and ten metabolic pathways were found to be enriched (among them, four metabolic pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism, and three metabolic pathways, including pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis), overlapping between the transcriptome and metabolome analyses in the female and male group respectively. The limited overlap between pathways enriched with differentially expressed genes and enriched plasma metabolites between the sexes suggests a sex-specific response to HS in pigs.

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Metabolic responses and “omics” technologies for elucidating the effects of heat stress in dairy cows

Cited by 52 publications

References 71 publications

Betaine addition as a potent ruminal fermentation modulator under hyperthermal and hyperosmotic conditions in vitro

Betaine addition as a potent ruminal fermentation modulator under hyperthermal and hyperosmotic conditions in vitro

Whole Genome Mapping Reveals Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Milk Production Under Heat Stress in US Holstein Cows

Genome-Wide Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Novel Insights and Suggest a Sex-Specific Response to Heat Stress in Pigs

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