Metabolic responses of whiteleg shrimp to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Alfaro, Andrea C.; Nguyen, Thao Van; Bayot, Bonny; Leon, Jenny; Domínguez-Borbor, Cristóbal; Sonnenholzner, Stanislaus

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2021.107545

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…34,35 In particular, the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway has been shown to be critical in activating the WSSV-induced Warburg effect 34,35 and regulating glutamine metabolism during WSSV genome replication (12 hpi). [35][36][37] WSSV infection significantly alters expression of fatty acids, amino acids, energy-related metabolites and the gluconeogenesis pathway, 38 as well as changing glycerophospholipid metabolism and upregulating the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid. 39 Interestingly, the upregulated linoleic acid induces the expression of several antimicrobial peptides and immune genes that activate the ERK-NF-κB pathway, suggesting that the altered metabolites not only benefit the viral replication but can also induce an antiviral immune response.…”

Section: Wssv Modulates Host Metabolism For Survival and Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of shrimp metabolism by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Kumar

Huang

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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For more than three decades, infectious diseases have been one of the major causes of economic losses in the global shrimp industry. One of the deadliest of the shrimp pathogens is white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which causes mass mortality in farmed shrimp. Various aspects of WSSV pathogenicity have been studied, but in this review, we will focus only on one of them, namely metabolic reprogramming. WSSV’s modulation of host metabolism affects glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glutaminolysis and lipid metabolism. Several signaling pathways are involved in this regulation, including JAK‐STAT, PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR, MAPK and Ras‐Raf‐MEK, with the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway in particular playing a critical role in activating the WSSV‐induced Warburg effect. Taken together, these changes benefit the virus by facilitating WSSV replication. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the metabolism‐related aspects of WSSV pathogenesis, and discuss the mechanisms by which this virus reprograms its host's metabolic pathways. A deeper understanding of these pathways, key metabolic enzymes and signaling mechanisms is potentially important for the development of effective anti‐WSSV strategies.

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Section: Wssv Modulates Host Metabolism For Survival and Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of shrimp metabolism by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Kumar

Huang

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…Given that most Vibrio species are facultative anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic conditions and lactic acid are more conducive to their growth and replication. Increased levels of lactic acid and putrescine have also been observed in the hepatopancreas of P. vannamei upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection [ 17 ]. Although no studies have thus far reported the role of hypoxanthine in shrimp, many Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection require arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil for their growth [ 92 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine metabolism is modulated in Vibrio-infected Penaeus vannamei to shape shrimp antibacterial response and survival

et al. 2022

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Background Numerous microorganisms are found in aquaculture ponds, including several pathogenic bacteria. Infection of cultured animals by these pathogens results in diseases and metabolic dysregulation. However, changes in the metabolic profiles that occur at different infection stages in the same ponds and how these metabolic changes can be modulated by exogenous metabolites in Penaeus vannamei remain unknown. Results Here, we collected gastrointestinal tract (GIT) samples from healthy, diseased, and moribund P. vannamei in the same aquaculture pond for histological, metabolic, and transcriptome profiling. We found that diseased and moribund shrimp with empty GITs and atrophied hepatopancreas were mainly infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. Although significant dysregulation of crucial metabolites and their enzymes were observed in diseased and moribund shrimps, diseased shrimp expressed high levels of taurine and taurine metabolism-related enzymes, while moribund shrimp expressed high levels of hypoxanthine and related metabolism enzymes. Moreover, a strong negative correlation was observed between taurine levels and the relative abundance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi. Besides, exogenous taurine enhanced shrimp survival against V. parahaemolyticus challenge by increasing the expression of key taurine metabolism enzymes, mainly, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD). Conclusions Our study revealed that taurine metabolism could be modulated by exogenous supplementation to improve crustacean immune response against pathogenic microbes.

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“…Itaconate is ubiquitous in nature, as revealed by its production in fungi, 1 mussels, 134 shrimp, 135 mammals, [10][11] and even some bacteria (e.g. Bacillus subtilis).…”

Section: Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Itaconate: an antimicrobial metabolite of macrophages

Duncan

Auclair

2022

Can. J. Chem.

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Itaconate is a conjugated 1,4-dicarboxylate produced by macrophages. This small molecule has recently received increasing attention due to its role in modulating the immune response of macrophages upon exposure to pathogens. Itaconate has also been proposed to play an antimicrobial function; however, this has not been explored as intensively. Consistent with the latter, itaconate is known to show antibacterial activity in vitro and was reported to inhibit isocitrate lyase, an enzyme required for survival of bacterial pathogens in mammalian systems. Recent studies have revealed bacterial growth inhibition under biologically relevant conditions. In addition, an antimicrobial role for itaconate is substantiated by the high concentration of itaconate found in bacteria-containing vacuoles, and by the production of itaconate-degrading enzymes in pathogens such as Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Yersinia pestis. This review describes the current state of literature in understanding the role of itaconate as an antimicrobial agent in host-pathogen interactions.

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Metabolic responses of whiteleg shrimp to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Cited by 27 publications

References 72 publications

The regulation of shrimp metabolism by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

The regulation of shrimp metabolism by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Taurine metabolism is modulated in Vibrio-infected Penaeus vannamei to shape shrimp antibacterial response and survival

Itaconate: an antimicrobial metabolite of macrophages

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