Metabolic risk factors in children with asymptomatic hematuria

Abstract

Asymptomatic idiopathic hematuria in pediatric patients may often be associated to different urinary biochemical abnormalities, similar to what is observed in pediatric kidney stone-formers.

Urinary metabolic abnormalities in children with idiopathic hematuria

“…About 80% of the study patients had a family history of nephrolithiasis in their first or second degree relatives, compared with 40e79% in the previous studies [1], which could be related to the higher incidence of consanguinity in the study parents.…”

“…Most of the study patients had microscopic hematuria vs gross hematuria. In the study by Spivacow et al [1] on 60 children with idiopathic hematuria and crystalluria, 88.3% had gross hematuria, followed by microhematuria in 11.7% and both types of hematuria in 5.1% of patients.…”

“…Urinary biochemical abnormalities are important causes of asymptomatic idiopathic hematuria in pediatric patients [1]. Microcrystallization with uroepithelial damage is the essential mechanism of persistent isolated microscopic hematuria or recurrent macroscopic hematuria in these patients in the absence of nephrolithiasis [6].…”

“…Asymptomatic hematuria is an important manifestation of nephrologic or urologic disorders with an incidence of 0.4e4.1%. Isolated idiopathic hematuria is considered after exclusion of all pathophysiologic mechanisms of hematuria, which needs multiple diagnostic procedures for an accurate diagnosis [1]. Urinary biochemical abnormalities are considered the potential reversible causes of asymptomatic idiopathic hematuria in both children and adults [1,2].…”

“…In fact, hematuria of unknown origin might frequently occur in patients with hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria and less commonly in patients with hyperuricosuria, which could improve with specific treatment of the related abnormality [1].…”