Metabolic significance of milk glucose

Faulkner, Anne; Chaiyabutr, N.; Peaker, M.; Carrick, David T.; Kuhn, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1017/s0022029900021440

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The interrelationship between the three sugars, that is, the ratios thereby reflect energy metabolism in the cell, which, in turn, indicates the energy status of the animal, that is, in blood. In support of this, Faulkner et al (1981) demonstrated that starvation of goats for 2 days decreased glucose concentration of milk considerably in parallel with a decreased rate of lactose production. Chaiyabutr et al (1981) further demonstrated significantly reduced glucose uptake in the lactating mammary gland and increased concentration of G6P and other intermediate hexose-phosphates in milk during starvation of goats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This view is supported by most authors (e.g. Faulkner et al, 1981;Mepham, 1993). Two lines of evidence support this theory, that is, the equivalence of concentrations of glucose in isolated mammary cells and in milk, and the rapid equilibration of glucose across the apical cell membrane in experiments performed in vivo (see Faulkner and Peaker, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Larsen

Moyes

2015

Animal

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A total of 3200 milk samples from Holstein and Jersey cows were analysed for free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) by an enzymatic-fluorometric method that requires no pre-treatment. The cows were primiparous as well as multiparous, and samples were taken throughout the entire lactation period. In addition, lactose, protein, fat, citrate and β-hydroxybutyrate were determined and comparisons between these variables were made. Data were analysed using GLM model for the effect of parity, breed, time from last milking and stage of lactation on variations in parameters in milk. Pearson's correlations were generated between milk variables. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Concentration of free glucose and G6P were on average 331 and 81 μM, respectively. Time from last milking (stay in the gland cistern) did not increase the concentration of these monosaccharides, indicating that they are not hydrolysis product from lactose post secretion, but rather reflecting the energy status of the mammary epithelial cells pre-secretion. Wide variation in range of these metabolites, that is, from 90 to 630 μM and 5 to 324 μM, for glucose and G6P, respectively, was observed. During the first 21 weeks in milk, free glucose increased whereas G6P decreased. Concentration of free glucose in milk is greater for primiparous than multiparous cows and greater for Holstein than Jersey cows. Concentration of G6P was not affected by parity or breed. The use of free glucose and G6P as indicators of physiological conditions and risk of disease is warranted for use as potential biomarkers for in-line surveillance systems on-farm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Larsen

Moyes

2015

Animal

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“…Blood glucose levels are tightly regulated in all mammals. The intracellular glucose concentrations are within 0.1-0.5 mM in mammary epithelial cells in most species where this was evaluated (72), a much lower range compared with plasma glucose levels. These data also indicate that lactose synthase is not saturated by glucose.…”

Section: Regulation Of Glucose Transporters and Their Role In Lactosementioning

confidence: 86%

Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation

Osorio

Lohakare

Bionaz

2016

Physiological Genomics

189

182

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“…In fact, glucose uptake in mammary gland is a key step in milk synthesis. Glucose is predominantly transported across MEC plasma membrane by facilitative or passive diffusion (4). This facilitative glucose transport in lactating bovine, human, and rat mammary glands predominantly takes place through GLUT1, an insulin independent glucose transporter (5-7).…”

Section: Expression Profiling Of Glucose Transporter 1 (Glut1) and Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Profiling of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and Apoptotic Genes (BAX and BCL2) in Milk Enriched Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) in Riverine Buffalo during Lactation

Yadav

Singh

Mukesh

et al. 2014

Animal Biotechnology

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Lactation is an important physiological process in dairy animals. During lactation, up to 85% of the body glucose is directed toward the mammary glands for milk synthesis. Studies related to lactation physiology are generally carried out on mammary biopsies, which may adversely affect animal health. In the present study, milk enriched MEC were used to study the expression pattern of GLUT1 and apoptotic genes (BAX and BCL2) across different stages of lactation in riverine buffalo in relation to milk yield. MEC were enriched from milk using cytokeratin-8 antibodies coated magnetic beads. Total RNA isolated from enriched MEC showed significant correlation (r(2) = 0.92 ± 0.02) with the milk yield at different stages of lactation. GLUT1 expression pattern correlated with the milk yield as highest GLUT1 expression (4.68 ± 0.79) was observed during peak-lactation (90 days post-parturition), whereas low GLUT1 expression (1.01 ± 0.1, 15 d; 0.71 ± 0.03, 30 d) was observed during early lactation. The BAX/BCL2 ratio was high (1.02 ± 0.2, 15 d; 0.94 ± 0.06, 30 d) during the early phase of lactation, indicating high rate of apoptosis, whereas low BAX/BCL2 ratio (0.25 ± 0.03, 60 d; 0.42 ± 0.04, 90 d) was observed during mid-lactation coinciding with the increase in RNA concentration and milk yield. Highest BAX/BCL2 ratio (1.41 ± 0.3, 120 d; 4.02 ± 0.6, 240 d) was observed during late lactation i.e., 240 days, which was also reflected as decline in milk yield and RNA concentration. Also, BAX/BCL2 ratio in milk enriched MEC was in accordance with RNA concentration in MEC and milk yield at different phases of lactation. Our study showed that expression pattern of genes under study (GLUT1, BAX, and BCL2) in milk enriched MEC correlated well with important physiological properties such as milk yield in buffalo.

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Metabolic significance of milk glucose

Cited by 67 publications

References 17 publications

Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Are free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in milk indicators of specific physiological states in the cow?

Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation

Expression Profiling of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and Apoptotic Genes (BAX and BCL2) in Milk Enriched Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) in Riverine Buffalo during Lactation

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