Metabolic studies on the hypolipidaemic effect of guar gum

Turner, Peter R.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Happonen, Pertti; Ville, A.E. La; Shaikh, M; Lewis, Barry

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(90)90021-a

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The net result is an increase in LDL-receptor activity. As discussed earlier, recent evidence suggests that this mechanism, which is responsible for the effects of steroid-binding resins like cholestyramine, may also be responsible for the cholesterol-reducing effect of guar gum (Turner et al 1990). It is conceivable that whole pulses and other legume polysaccharides with sufficient affinity for bile acids could influence lipid metabolism in a similar way.…”

Section: E F F E C T S O N L I P O P R O T E I N M E T a B O L I S Mmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In a recent paper, Turner et al (1990) reported the results of a metabolic study using '251-labelled LDL to investigate the cholesterol-lowering effect of guar gum. Patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia received 30 g guar gum/d for 6 weeks, after which their LDL and IDL levels were reduced by 11.5 and 10.7 YO respectively, due to a 39 % increase in the fractional catabolism of apolipoprotein B.…”

Section: Gum and Locust Bean Gumsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Influence of Legume Seeds on Human Plasma Lipid Concentrations

Kingman

1991

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Section: E F F E C T S O N L I P O P R O T E I N M E T a B O L I S Mmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Gum and Locust Bean Gumsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Legume Seeds on Human Plasma Lipid Concentrations

Kingman

1991

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…The main soluble ®bre portion of oat bran is beta-glucan (A Ê hman et al, 1987). As to the mechanisms of action of soluble dietary ®bre products, two main theories have been presented; it has been shown that certain dietary ®bres promote the excretion of cholesterol as bile acids in the stool thereby upregulating LDL receptor activity Miettinen & Tarpila, 1989;Turner et al, 1990). According to the other theory, fermentation of dietary ®bre in colon results in the formation of short chain fatty acids which may have an inhibitory effect on hepatic cholesterol synthesis (Anderson, 1985;Chen W-JL et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lathosterol and other non-cholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with beta-glucan-rich oat bran

Uusitupa¹,

Miettinen

Sarkkinen³

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective and subjects: Dietary ®bre has been suggested to interfere with endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Therefore the effects of oat bran on the proportions of cholesterol synthesis precursors (squalene, D 8 -cholestenol, desmosterol and lathosterol), cholestanol and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) to cholesterol were analysed in serum of 36 hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Design: A randomized study of eight weeks duration where beta-glucan-rich oat bran (n 20, subjects) or wheat bran (n 16) was used as a part of a cholesterol lowering diet. Plant sterols and cholesterol synthesis precursors were analysed from frozen samples afterward. Results: In the oat-bran group, but not in the wheat bran group, serum total cholesterol declined transiently. The proportions of plant sterols and cholestanol in serum, which re¯ect cholesterol absorption ef®ciency were unchanged. However, the proportions of squalene appeared to be transiently increased during the study. Subjects with apolipoprotein E 4 allele had higher serum campesterol and sitosterol levels (suggestive of ef®cient cholesterol absorption) than those with homozygous apolipoprotein E 3 allele. Conclusions: Since the cholesterol precursors in serum re¯ecting endogenous cholesterol synthesis remained almost unchanged the reduction in the serum cholesterol level by oat bran treatment can not be ascribed to an inhibition of the endogenous cholesterol synthesis.

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“…16 Cholestyramine, a bile acid-binding resin, 17 - 18 and guar gum, 19 -24 a gel-forming dietary fiber, reduce serum total and LDL cholesterol levels by increasing the fecal elimination of cholesterol as bile acids. 25 - 26 A reduced cholesterol content in hepatocytes in turn upregulates LDL receptor activity 1617 - 27 and stimulates cholesterol synthesis. 25 - 28 In severe hypercholesterolemia, the combination of lovastatin with a bile acid-binding agent is frequently necessary to obtain the desired serum cholesterol level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lathosterol and other noncholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolemia with lovastatin alone and with cholestyramine or guar gum.

Uusitupa

Miettinen

Happonen

et al. 1992

Arterioscler Thromb

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Sixty-two patients aged 19-64 years with primary hypercholesterolemia (mean level of total cholesterol, 10.8 mmol/1) were treated with 80 mg/day lovastatin (L) alone for 18 weeks and, after randomization to either L+20 g/day guar gum (L+GG) or L+16 g/day cholestyramine (L+C) treatments, for an additional 18 weeks. The total cholesterol level declined from baseline by 34% during L and by 44% and 48% during L+GG and L+C, respectively. In terms of micromoles per miUlmole of cholesterol, serum levels of the cholesterol synthesis precursors cholestenol, desmosterol, and lathosterol were decreased and those of the plant sterols campesterol and sitosterol were increased by treatment with L. The serum contents of cholesterol precursors were increased markedly after the combination of either GG or C with L, but the increase was greater after the addition of C (e.g., the lathosterol to cholesterol ratio was 51% versus 212% for L+GG and L+C, respectively; p< 0.001). Thus, a higher rate of removal of bile acids by C than by GG reduced more effectively the low density lipoprotein cholesterol level but simultaneously stimulated cholesterol synthesis compensatorily to a higher level even under concurrent treatment with L. The serum sitosterol to cholesterol ratio declined by 13% during L+GG but increased by 49% during L+C compared with the value under L alone, suggesting different effects of GG and C on the metabolism of plant sterols. 1992;12:807-813) (Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis

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Metabolic studies on the hypolipidaemic effect of guar gum

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

The Influence of Legume Seeds on Human Plasma Lipid Concentrations

The Influence of Legume Seeds on Human Plasma Lipid Concentrations

Lathosterol and other non-cholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with beta-glucan-rich oat bran

Lathosterol and other noncholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolemia with lovastatin alone and with cholestyramine or guar gum.

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