Metabolic syndrome — a new definition and management guidelines

Dobrowolski, Piotr; Prejbisz, Aleksander; Kuryłowicz, Alina; Baska, Alicja; Burchardt, Paweł; Chlebus, Krzysztof; Dzida, Grzegorz; Jankowski, Piotr; Jaroszewicz, Jerzy; Jaworski, Paweł; Kamiński, Karol; Kapłon‐Cieślicka, Agnieszka; Klocek, Marek; Kukla, Michał; Mamcarz, Artur; Mastalerz-Migas, Agnieszka; Ostrowska, Lucyna; Śliż, Daniel; Tarnowski, Wiesław; Wolf, Jacek; Wyleżoł, Mariusz; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Banach, Maciej; Januszewicz, Andrzej; Bogdański, Paweł

doi:10.5603/ah.a2022.0012

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Additional guidelines for the diagnosis of MetS were the presence of at least two of four distinguished disorders, namely visceral obesity, dyslipidaemia, elevated BP or excretion of small amounts of protein (microalbuminuria) in the urine [ 22 ]. In 2022, several Polish societies published a position paper on the definition of MetS and practical management of patients with this condition [ 23 ]. The authors considered the presence of android obesity (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men) or body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2 and two of the three components shown in Table 1 as criteria for the diagnosis of MetS.…”

Section: Criteria For the Diagnosis Of Metsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome—A Review

Godyla-Jabłoński,

Raczkowska,

Jodkowska

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant health problem. The co-occurrence of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia is estimated to affect 20–30% of adults worldwide. Researchers are seeking solutions to prevent and treat the conditions related to MetS. Preventive medicine, which focuses on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet, plays a special role. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has documented health benefits, mainly due to the polyphenolic compounds it contains. Anthocyanins represent a major group of polyphenols; they exhibit anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, as well as beneficial effects on endothelial function and oxidative stress. This review presents recent reports on the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of anthocyanins on the body, especially among people with MetS. It includes epidemiological data, in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies and clinical observational studies. Anthocyanins are effective, widely available compounds that can be used in both the prevention and treatment of MetS and its complications. Increased consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods may contribute to the maintenance of normal body weight and modulation of the lipid profile in adults. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on serum glucose levels, improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

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Section: Criteria For the Diagnosis Of Metsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome—A Review

Godyla-Jabłoński,

Raczkowska,

Jodkowska

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…This is due to two or three of the above disorders accompanying obesity, which generate various combinations of pathologies occurring in each person. 26 …”

Section: Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Can Adipokine FAM19A5 Be a Biomarker of Metabolic Disorders?

Wesołek-Leszczyńska,

Pastusiak,

Bogdański

et al. 2024

DMSO

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Aim One of the most critical functions of adipose tissue is the production of adipokines, ie, numerous active substances that regulate metabolism. One is the newly discovered FAM19A5, whose older name is TAFA-5. Purpose The study aimed to review the literature on the FAM19A5 protein. Methods The review was conducted in December 2023 using the PubMed (Medline) search engine. Sixty-four papers were included in the review. Results This protein exhibits the characteristics of an adipokine with positive features for maintaining homeostasis. The results showed that FAM19A5 was highly expressed in adipose tissue, with mild to moderate expression in the brain and ovary. FAM19A5 may also inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through the perivascular adipose tissue paracrine pathway. Serum levels of FAM19A5 were decreased in obese children compared with healthy controls. There are negative correlations between FAM19A5, body mass index, and fasting insulin. Serum FAM19A5 level is correlated with type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, glutamic pyruvic transferase, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and mean shoulder pulse wave velocity. FAM19A5 expression was reduced in mice with obesity. However, the data available needs to be clarified or contradictory. Conclusion Considering today’s knowledge about FAM19A5, we cannot consider this protein as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. According to current knowledge, FAM19A5 cannot be considered a marker of metabolic disorders because the results of studies conducted in this area are unclear.

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“…Lower mortality in overweight patients or patients living with obesity compared with patients with a BMI within the normal values was reported in subpopulations with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), especially stroke, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), HF as well as DM [ 9 , 10 ]. Thus, there is a paradoxical contradiction between the recommendations [ 11 ] to reduce body weight in the case of overweight and obesity and reports on the alleged protective effect of increased BMI in some groups of patients. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between BMI and weight loss long-term all-cause mortality in a population of adult patients under the care of family physicians in Poland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of body mass index and long-term mortality in patients from nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004–2015 cohort studies: no obesity paradox?

Osadnik,

Nowak,

Osadnik

et al. 2023

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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Background An obesity paradox has been described in relation to adverse clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality) with lower body mass index (BMI). Aims We sought to evaluate the association between BMI and weight loss with long-term all-cause mortality in adult populations under the care of family physicians. Methods LIPIDOGRAM studies were conducted in primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006, and 2015 and enrolled a total of 45,615 patients. The LIPIDOGRAM Plus study included 1627 patients recruited in the LIPIDOGRAM 2004 and repeated measurements in 2006 edition. Patients were classified by BMI categories as underweight, normal weight, overweight and class I, II, or III (obesity). Follow-up data up to December 2021 were obtained from the Central Statistical Office. Differences in all-cause mortality were analyzed using Kaplan‒Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results Of 45,615 patients, 10,987 (24.1%) were normal weight, 320 (0.7%) were underweight, 19,134 (41.9%) were overweight, and 15,174 (33.2%) lived with obesity. Follow-up was available for 44,620 patients (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years, 61.7% females). In the crude analysis, long-term all-cause mortality was lowest for the normal-weight group (14%) compared with other categories. After adjusting for comorbidities, the highest risk of death was observed for the class III obesity and underweight categories (hazard ratio, HR 1.79, 95% CI [1.55–2.05] and HR 1.57, 95% CI [1.22–2.04]), respectively. The LIPIDOGRAM Plus analysis revealed that a decrease in body weight (by 5 and 10%) over 2 years was associated with a significantly increased risk of death during long-term follow-up—HR 1.45 (95% CI 1.05–2.02, p = 0.03) and HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.02–2.74, p < 0.001). Patients who experienced weight loss were older and more burdened with comorbidities. Conclusions Being underweight, overweight or obese is associated with a higher mortality risk in a population of patients in primary care. Patients who lost weight were older and more burdened with cardiometabolic diseases, which may suggest unintentional weight loss, and were at higher risk of death in the long-term follow-up. In nonsmoking patients without comorbidities, the lowest mortality was observed in those with a BMI < 25 kg/m2, and no U-curve relationship was observed.

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Metabolic syndrome — a new definition and management guidelines

Abstract: The articles in Arterial Hypertension and AMs are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Any citation can be used when citing this article.

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome—A Review

Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome—A Review

Can Adipokine FAM19A5 Be a Biomarker of Metabolic Disorders?

Association of body mass index and long-term mortality in patients from nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004–2015 cohort studies: no obesity paradox?

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