Metabolic syndrome among adults living with sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease: at the crossroads of pulmonary hypertension and diastolic heart failure

“…This suggests the possibility of using bone marrow transplant to create novel SCD animal models of PH-HFpEF with underlying metabolic/cardiovascular disease. A recent, small (n=50) US cross-sectional study in young adults (mid to late 30s) with SCD found risk factors for cardiovascular disease: 14.3% metabolic syndrome, 20% overweight (body mass index 25–30 kg/m 2 ), 26% obesity (>30 kg/m 2 ), 34.7% history of smoking, 18% currently smoking, 69.4% low high density lipoprotein (HDL) and diets exceeding American Heart Association (AHA)-recommended fat and sugar intake 46. When compared with Nigerians, individuals with SCD in the USA are 10-fold more obese by WHO criteria.…”

Hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine correlate in a patient with sickle cell disease and diabetes on chronic transfusion therapy

“…While the ADA suggests that serum glucose should be used to diagnose DM in patients with hemoglobinopathies, SF (or nonenzymatic glycated serum proteins) is sometimes used to estimate long‐term glycemic control in patients with DM and conditions like SCD that result in a decreased RBC lifespan, although the impact of CTT on SF remains unknown 4‐6,13,15 . Our report suggests that during the “steady state” and net hematological phenotype of CTT patients (ie, just prior to the next transfusion) that HbA 1c and SF may correlate with BG control among patients on a reliable monthly transfusion regimen maintaining HbS < 50%.…”

“…In patients with hemolytic anemias such as SCD, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends using glucose levels to diagnose DM but monitoring glycemic control by quantifying levels of serum fructosamine (SF), a measure of glycated serum proteins that is independent of RBC lifespan, has been reported 4‐6 . Possible disadvantages of SF as a measurement for diabetic control, however, include limited standardization due to the effects of various disease states and drugs on albumin, the short half‐life of SF, and following SF levels may be unfeasible when evaluating patients at longer intervals between clinic visits (ie, 3‐6 months), or in patients who only improve their glycemic control 2 weeks before follow‐up appointments 5 .…”

“…Possible disadvantages of SF as a measurement for diabetic control, however, include limited standardization due to the effects of various disease states and drugs on albumin, the short half‐life of SF, and following SF levels may be unfeasible when evaluating patients at longer intervals between clinic visits (ie, 3‐6 months), or in patients who only improve their glycemic control 2 weeks before follow‐up appointments 5 . Importantly, in patients with SCD, SF as a screen for DM is not standardized and its relationship to serum glucose, or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), has not been validated 6 . Further, screening for DM was not adequately addressed in the 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines for SCD management 7 .…”

Acacia Senegal (Gum Arabic) Supplementation Modulate Lipid Profile and Ameliorated Dyslipidemia among Sickle Cell Anemia Patients

“…Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a haemoglobinopathy characterised by red cell rigidity, compromised perfusion, and tissue infarction [1]. Previous studies assumed that SCD patients may develop characteristics of metabolic syndrome, presenting with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia [1, 2]. Reactive oxygen species lead to defects in plasma and erythrocyte lipids [3]; therefore, oxidative stress not only is linked to chronic inflammation, but also contributes to endothelial dysfunction [4].…”