Metabolic syndrome and carotid intima-media thickness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), carotid intima media thickness (IMT), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the possible relationships among them. Methods: Fifty stable COPD patients and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. The participants were further divided into four groups according to their smoking status. Pulmonary function tests were performed in COPD patients. Anthropometric measurements and blood chemistry analysis, serum CRP levels and carotid intimamedia thickness (IMT) measurements were performed in all the study population. Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 43% in COPD patients and 30% in the control group (p = 0.173). FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were higher in COPD patients with MetS (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively) compared to those without MetS. Prevalence of MetS was significantly different among the COPD patients with different stages (p = 0.017) with the highest value in stage 2 (59%). Carotid IMT was significantly higher in COPD patients than in control group (1.07 ± 0.25 mm and 0.86 ± 0.18 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). Serum CRP levels were not different in COPD patients and controls, however they were higher in individuals with MetS compared to those without MetS regardless of COPD presence (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Early markers of atherogenesis, in terms of carotid IMT, were found to be higher in COPD patients than in healthy controls. MetS prevalence was observed to decrease as the severity of airflow obstruction increased. Therefore, screening COPD patients for these cardiovascular risk factors would be a novel approach even in absence of symptoms.

The effect of metabolic syndrome on outcome of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

“…In addition, results of the present work revealed that, COPD with metabolic syndrome was significantly prevalent in females, subjects with significantly higher body mass index and FEV1%. These results were agreed with previous trials showed that, COPD subjects with metabolic syndrome were more frequently females, with higher BMI and FEV1% compared to COPD patients without metabolic syndrome [18][19][20] . In addition, Cebron Lipovec et al [17] reported that, patients with metabolic syndrome in addition to COPD had higher body mass index, with high forced expiratory volume in one second predicted and were more prevalent in females.…”

A study to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients from North India

“…40 Subsequent study from Netherland reported that mean BMI in COPD group and control group were 26.2±5.1 kg/m 2 and 27.3±4.2 kg/m 2 respectively. 28 Bulcun E et al, found BMI in COPD patients 26.3±4.8 kg/m 2 but in control it was 28.1±3.7 kg/m 2 in their study. 38 Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the study was 31.34%.…”

“…(Comparison of various parameters are given in (Table 2 and Table 3). 28 Bulcun E et al, had found mean age in their study 63.10±9.6 years, while in control population it was 60.9±10.6. 38 Mekov E et al, in their study had observed, mean age of patients was 65±10 years in which 71.1% were males, 28.9% were females.…”

“…They included 50 stable COPD patients and 40 healthy controls and further concluded that the risk of metabolic syndrome was 43% in COPD patients and 30% in control group. 28 DIez-Manglano J et al, had done a study among 375 hospitalize patients of COPD and found the overall prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in COPD patients was 42.9%, being more frequent in female (59.5%) than male (40.8%), p=0.002, but with no differences in age and smoking. 20 Breyer et al, had done a study among 228 COPD patients and 156 healthy controls to know the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25] In different studies from Middle East, the prevalence of Mets in COPD patients was 27-40%. [26][27][28][29] Some other studies from abroad, reported the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD patients varies from 23% to 37%. [30][31][32][33] Indian data on the prevalence of MetS or its components in COPD are sparse.…”