Metabolic Syndrome and Framingham Risk Score: Observation from Screening of Low-Income Semi-Urban African Women

Dada, Samuel Ayokunle; Ajayi, David Daisi; Areo, Peter Olufemi; Raimi, Taiwo Hussean; Emmanuel, Eyitayo Ebenezer; Odu, OO; Aremu, O.

doi:10.3390/medicines3020015

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The standardized prevalence rate of MetS in Kazakhs was 28.61%, which was much higher than the national MetS prevalence rate of 16.5% [ 24 ]. Studies have shown that individuals with MetS are more likely to develop CVD [ 25 , 26 ], and a higher prevalence of MetS suggests that the risk of developing CVD in the Kazakh population may be higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome in Xinjiang Kazakhs and construction of a risk prediction model for cardiovascular disease risk

Mao

Gao

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is observed among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Because MetS may significantly predict the occurrence of CVD, the inclusion of CVD-related indicators in metabolic network may improve the predictive ability for a CVD-risk model for Kazakhs in Xinjiang.MethodsThe study included 2,644 subjects who were followed for 5 years or longer. CVD cases were identified via medical records of the local hospitals from April 2016 to August 2017. Factor analysis was performed in 706 subjects (267 men and 439 women) with MetS to extract CVD-related potential factors from 18 biomarkers tested in a routine health check-up, served as a synthetic predictor (SP). We evaluated the predictive ability of the CVD-risk model using age and SP, logistic regression discrimination for internal validation (n = 384; men = 164, women = 220) and external validation (n = 219; men = 89, women = 130), calculated the probability of CVD for each participant, and receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsAccording to the diagnostic criteria of JIS, the prevalence of MetS in Kazakh was 30.9%. Seven potential factors with a similar pattern were obtained from men and women and comprised the CVD predictors. When predicting CVD in the internal validation, the area under the curve (AUC) were 0.857 (95%CI 0.807–0.898) for men and 0.852 (95%CI 0.809–0.889) for women, respectively. In the external validation, the AUC to predict CVD were 0.914 (95%CI 0.832–0.963) for men and 0.848 (95%CI 0.774–0.905) for women. It is suggested that SP might serve as a useful tool in identifying CVD with in Kazakhs, especially for Kazakhs men.ConclusionsAmong 7 potential factors were extracted from 18 biomarkrs in Kazakhs with MetS, and SP may be used for CVD risk assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome in Xinjiang Kazakhs and construction of a risk prediction model for cardiovascular disease risk

Mao

Gao

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Numerous studies have suggested that MS is a cluster of CVD risk factor [15][16][17][18] . A meta-analysis by Mottillo et al [19] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease among Kazakhs in Remote Rural Areas of Xinjiang, China: A Cohort Study

Yang

Guo

Hai-xia

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) could promote the development of cardiovascular disease(CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the association of MS and its components with CVD among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Methods: According to the geographical distribution of the minority populations in Xinjiang, we selected the representative prefecture (Yili). A total of 2,644 participants completed the baseline survey between April 2010 and December 2012. The follow-up survey was conducted from April 2016 to December 2016. Only 2,286 out of 2,644 participants were followed-up on, with a follow-up rate of 86.46%. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of each component and the number of combinations of MS components on the development of CVD. Results: Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), and triglycerides (TG) were independently associated with CVD. Participants with 1–5 MS components had an increased hazard ratio for developing CVD, from 1.82 to 8.59 (trend P<0.001), compared with those without any MS components. This trend persisted after adjusting for other general risk factors. The risk of developing CVD increased when TG and WC coexisted, or when TG/WC and BP coexisted. However, no significant interactions were found between BP , WC , and TG. Conclusions: BP , WC, and TG were independent risk factors for CVD in Kazakhs. In clinical practice, a more informative assessment may be obtained by taking into account the number of MS components.

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“…Numerous previous studies found that MS is a risk factor for CVD[ 5 , 6 , 18 – 21 ]. Our investigation also showed that MS is associated with CVD and this association persisted even after the adjustment for sex, drinking history, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, and family history of CVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of interactions among metabolic syndrome components on the development of cardiovascular disease among Kazakhs in Xinjiang

et al. 2018

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BackgroundFew prospective studies have explored the effect of interactions among metabolic syndrome (MS) components on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Kazakh population in Xinjiang Province of China.MethodAs of December 2016, 2,644 participants who completed a baseline survey over a period of 5 years or more were included in the study. The multiplicative interactions among MS components were evaluated by incorporation of the product terms into a logistic regression model. The additive interactions among MS components were evaluated by calculating the additive interaction index. Logistic regression was used to construct a predictive model, and CVD risk level was divided according to the risk probability of the population that did not eventually have CVD.ResultsWhen we analyzed the independent risk of MS and its components on developing CVD, only blood pressure(BP) and waist circumference(WC) were associated with CVD. A linear association was found between the risk of CVD, BP/WC, and the number of other components (trend, P<0.001). The risk of developing CVD increased when BP and WC coexisted, or when combined BP/WC with MS (≥3 components except for BP and WC) was present; however, there were no significant interactions among MS components. After the CVD hazards were divided into four levels, it was showed that over 19.92% of the incidence probability was in the population under mediate-risk while over 35.24% of them was in the high-risk group, respectively.ConclusionsBP and WC were independent risk factors for CVD in the Kazakh population. The risk of CVD was greatly increased when BP and WC coexisted or when combined BP/WC with MS (≥3 components except for BP and WC) was present, but no significant interactions were found among MS components.

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Metabolic Syndrome and Framingham Risk Score: Observation from Screening of Low-Income Semi-Urban African Women

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Metabolic syndrome in Xinjiang Kazakhs and construction of a risk prediction model for cardiovascular disease risk

Metabolic syndrome in Xinjiang Kazakhs and construction of a risk prediction model for cardiovascular disease risk

Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease among Kazakhs in Remote Rural Areas of Xinjiang, China: A Cohort Study

Impact of interactions among metabolic syndrome components on the development of cardiovascular disease among Kazakhs in Xinjiang

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