Metabolic syndrome and its components in people with intellectual disability: a meta‐analysis

Vancampfort, Davy; Schuch, Felipe Barreto; Damme, Tine Van; Firth, Joseph; Suetani, Shuichi; Stubbs, Brendon; Biesen, Debbie Van

doi:10.1111/jir.12772

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Surprisingly, our results show a markedly lower prevalence of hypertension among participants with intellectual disability. This finding is contrary to recent studies of hypertension in adults without CP, stating a prevalence of 31.1% in all adults (30), and 36.7% in adults with intellectual disability (31) and at this stage we have found no explanation for it. The high prevalence of high blood pressure measured at the visit might partly be due to the "white coat effect, " since the visit was a potentially stressful situation for the participant (19).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Health Conditions in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: The Association With CP Subtype and Severity of Impairments

et al. 2021

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Aim: To determine the prevalence of common health conditions in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify associations with the CP subtype or the severity of impairments.Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study of 153 adults with CP born from 1959 to 1978 (87 males, 66 females; median age 48 years 3 months, range 37–58 years; 41% with unilateral spastic, 36% bilateral spastic, 19% dyskinetic, and 4% with ataxic CP). Data was gathered through interviews, physical assessments, and medical record reviews.Results: The most common health conditions in adults with CP were pain 65%, upper gastrointestinal disorders 33%, dysphagia 29%, epilepsy 29%, and depression 27%. Cerebral palsy subtype was significantly associated with the presence of pain (p = 0.029), gastrointestinal (p < 0.001), and respiratory disorders (p = 0.006). A more severe physical impairment was associated with a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders (p < 0.001), respiratory disorders (p < 0.001), and pressure ulcers (p < 0.001). Intellectual disability was associated with a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders (p < 0.001), pneumonia (p = 0.001) epilepsy (p = 0.001), and pressure ulcers (p < 0.001), but with a lower prevalence of pain (p < 0.004) and hypertension (p = 0.043).Conclusion: The prevalence of several common health conditions is related to the CP subtype and severity of impairments, indicating that CP plays a role in the development of these health conditions. Follow-up of adults with CP needs to include not only impairments, but general health as well. Increased attention directed toward signs of gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders in individuals with either dyskinetic CP, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels IV–V, or intellectual disability, is recommended.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Health Conditions in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: The Association With CP Subtype and Severity of Impairments

et al. 2021

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“…Age differences are determined by inclusion criteria and premature aging in association with ID [50]. A study by Vancamptort et al showed that people with intellectual disability have an increased risk of premature mortality [51]. Concerning marital status, the historical segregation of ID-afflicted people by sex has limited the scope of personal relationships during youth [52,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Functional Differences in Aging with and without Intellectual Disabilities: Observational Study

Tena-Bernal

Sánchez-Peña²,

Gómez-Cabello

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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The lifespan of people with cognitive disabilities (ID) has increased significantly, but the cognitive aspects together with the functional ones comparing normal aging and those with intellectual disabilities had not been previously studied. Objective: This study analyzed the cognitive and functional differences in older adults aging with ID (and with DS), compared with their peers without disabilities, in order to identify the most adapted interventions. Methodology: This study evaluated the outcome variables of MEC, Set-Test, Barthel, Lawton–Brody, and Tinetti with 247 participants: 146 without ID and 101 ID (29 with DS and 72 without DS). Results: At the cognitive level, older people with ID presented lower scores both in MEC (p < 0.01), globally and in each cognitive domain (except in short-term memory), and in verbal fluency (Set-Test) than older people without ID; however, the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia is higher in people without ID. At the functional level, there are no differences in ABDL, but there are in AIDL and Tinetti (p < 0.01), where participants without ID obtain higher scores. The most frequent pathologies in people with ID were obesity and epilepsy. Conclusions: The lower cognitive and functional performance in ID is associated with the disability itself, the low educational level, the neurocognitive underdiagnosis, and the use of poorly adapted assessment tools. The cognitive and functional results indicated the importance of interventions adapted to the characteristics of this population, in their aging process.

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“…The high rates of AP use in individuals with IDD is quite concerning as the metabolic adverse effects exacerbate the already established inherent risk of metabolic comorbidities in these patient populations. A recent meta‐analysis revealed that ~52% of individuals with IDD are obese, while 22.4% meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome 14 . Moreover, the exceedingly high rates of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in this population contributes to an almost two‐ to fourfold increased risk of premature mortality compared with the general population 14,15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent meta‐analysis revealed that ~52% of individuals with IDD are obese, while 22.4% meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome 14 . Moreover, the exceedingly high rates of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in this population contributes to an almost two‐ to fourfold increased risk of premature mortality compared with the general population 14,15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent meta-analysis revealed that ~52% of individuals with IDD are obese, while 22.4% meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome. 14 Moreover, the exceedingly high rates of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in this population contributes to an almost two-to fourfold increased risk of premature mortality compared with the general population. 14,15 Despite widespread use among patients with IDD, there is currently a limited body of literature describing the metabolic adverse effects of APs in individuals with IDD across the lifespan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotic use in individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Smith

Stogios

et al. 2022

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disability (IDD) are often prescribed antipsychotics (APs). However, despite their known propensity to cause metabolic adverse effects, including weight gain, diabetes, and increased risk of cardiovascular events, there is currently a limited body of literature describing the metabolic consequences of AP use in this population. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases to identify all randomized trials that reported on the metabolic effects of APs in individuals with IDD. Random effects meta-analyses were used to examine weight gain as both a continuous and dichotomous outcome.Results: Eighteen randomized trials met our inclusion criteria with a total of 1376 patients across a variety of IDDs. AP use was associated with significantly greater weight gain compared with placebo (Continuous: mean difference = 1.10 kg, [0.79, 1.40], p < 0.00001, I 2 = 54%; Dichotomous: odds ratio = 3.94, [2.15, 7.23], p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0). Sub-group analysis revealed no significant effect of AP type. Data regarding the effects of APs on other metabolic outcomes were limited. Conclusion: This review (PROSPERO # CRD42021255558) demonstrates that AP use is associated with significant weight gain among patients with IDD. Concerningly, most reported studies were in children and adolescents, which sets up an already vulnerable population for adverse medical sequalae at an early age. There was also a lack of long-term studies in adults with IDD. Further studies are required to better understand how AP use affects metabolic parameters in this group of individuals.Emily Smith and Nicolette Stogios shared first authorship.

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Metabolic syndrome and its components in people with intellectual disability: a meta‐analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Health Conditions in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: The Association With CP Subtype and Severity of Impairments

Health Conditions in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: The Association With CP Subtype and Severity of Impairments

Cognitive and Functional Differences in Aging with and without Intellectual Disabilities: Observational Study

The metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotic use in individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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