Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Factors among Hospital Employees: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Abstract

Several studies have reported on metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on cross-sectional designs, which cannot show a long-term result. Information is lacking on MetS and related factors based on a longitudinal cohort. This study aimed to examine the relationship between MetS and related factors for a total of six years among hospital employees. A population-based study was conducted, including 746 staff. A total of 680 staff without MetS in 2012 were enrolled in the analysis for repeated measurement of six years of the longitudinal cohort. Data were retrieved from the hospital’s Health Management Information System. Analyses were performed using Student’s t-test, chi-square test, logistic regression, and generalised estimating equations. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Hospital employees aged between 31 and 40 (odds ratio (OR) = 4.596, p = 0.009), aged between 41 and 50 (OR = 7.866, p = 0.001), aged greater than 50 (OR = 10.312, p < 0.001), with a body mass index (BMI) of 25.0~29.9 kg/m2 (OR = 3.934, p < 0.001), a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR = 13.197, p < 0.001), higher level of white blood counts (β = 0.177, p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (β = 0.013, p = 0.002), and uric acid (β = 0.223, p = 0.005) were at risk of being diagnosed with MetS. The identification of at-risk hospital employees and disease management programs addressing MetS-related factors are of great importance in hospital-based interventions.

Metabolic syndrome and transaminases: systematic review and meta-analysis

“… Cross sectional study 19 MetS 68.79 ± 6.53 MetS- 68.34 ± 6.58 2207/1791 Total 3998 NCEP ATP III The combined increase in serum uric acid (SUA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly correlated with MetS and its components. MetS + 22.32 ± 18.39 (ALT) MetS- 18.27 ± 13.52 (ALT) MetS + 23.18 ± 14.31 (AST) MetS- 22.08 ± 10.98 (AST) Wu et al, 2021, Taiwan [ 39 ]. Prospective Cohort study 20 MetS + 42.88 ± 8.96 MetS- 37.97 ± 9.0 66/680 Total 746 NCEP ATP III Higher ALT and AST levels are associated with an elevated risk of MetS+.…”

“…Most papers (82.35%) [ 25 , 26 , 29 – 40 ] included participants of both sexes but analysed the data globally; 3 studies (17.65%) [ 24 , 27 , 28 ] collected data from men and women separately. Concerning origin, 5 articles were developed in China [ 27 , 31 , 37 , 38 , 40 ], 5 in Japan [ 26 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 37 ], three articles in Taiwan [ 25 , 30 , 39 ], 1 in Italy [ 24 ], 1 in Poland [ 33 ], Korea [ 28 ] and Iran [ 29 ]. Data were extracted from 17 reports from ALT [ 24 – 40 ], 15 studies from AST [ 25 , 26 , 28 – 40 ], and five from GGT [ 25 , 26 , 29 , 31 , 32 ].…”

“…In seven of the manuscripts [ 24 , 26 , 27 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 ], MetS was defined according to the criteria of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP - ATP III) [ 41 ]; 5 studies [ 28 – 31 , 37 ] assessed MetS using the harmonised criteria [ 42 ]; 2 papers [ 25 , 32 ] using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition [ 43 ]; and one article [ 40 ] used the Chinese diabetes Society criteria [ 44 ]. Finally, Sumiyoshi et al [ 36 ] used the Japanese standards [ 45 ] and Osadnik [ 33 ], those defined by Buscemi et al [ 46 ].…”

Sex differences in risk factors for metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and senior hospital employees: a population-based cohort study

“…Previous studies have identified numerous lifestyle habits associated with MetS, including diet [ 17 , 18 ], cigarette smoking [ 19 ], alcohol consumption [ 20 ] and betel nut chewing [ 21 ]. In addition, the presence of a family history of risk factors and chronic diseases [ 22 ] were correlated with MetS.…”