Metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea: A bidirectional relationship

Younas, Haris; Gu, Chenjuan; Rathore, Aman; Jun, Jonathan C.; Polotsky, Vsevolod Y.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813553-2.00008-7

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…Patients with OSA exhibited a greater prevalence and incident risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and worse glycemic control than OSA-free populations ( 3 ). Some studies also reported a more atherogenic lipid profile in patients with OSA ( 1 ). Most of these studies only adjusted for obesity in terms of the body mass index (BMI), although visceral obesity results in a greater predisposition to developing OSA and metabolic dysfunction ( 1 ).…”

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies also reported a more atherogenic lipid profile in patients with OSA ( 1 ). Most of these studies only adjusted for obesity in terms of the body mass index (BMI), although visceral obesity results in a greater predisposition to developing OSA and metabolic dysfunction ( 1 ). Thus, these studies clearly identify OSA as a marker of metabolic dysfunction but cannot establish causation.…”

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder. It is well established that obesity predisposes individuals to developing OSA and that untreated OSA may exacerbate metabolic dysfunction and obesity ( 1 ).…”

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are two hallmarks of OSA, and potential mediators of changes in metabolism. In laboratory experiments, intermittent hypoxia exposure induced insulin resistance in mice and healthy humans, whereas sleep fragmentation impaired both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent glucose disposal ( 1 ). A leading hypothesis contends that intermittent hypoxia leads to tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and the dysregulation of adipokines.…”

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A leading hypothesis contends that intermittent hypoxia leads to tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and the dysregulation of adipokines. In addition, sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia (via stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors) activate the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis ( 1 ). In turn, autonomic activation can lead to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic dysfunction ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

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ATS Core Curriculum 2021. Adult Sleep Medicine: Sleep Apnea

et al. 2021

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The American Thoracic Society Sleep Core Curriculum updates clinicians on important sleep topics, presented during the annual meeting, and appearing in summary here. This year’s sleep core theme is sleep-disordered breathing and its management. Topics range from pathophysiological mechanisms for the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome, surgical modalities of OSA treatment, comorbid insomnia and OSA, central sleep apnea, and sleep practices during a pandemic. OSA has been associated with metabolic syndrome, independent of the role of obesity, and the pathophysiology suggests a role for sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia in observed metabolic outcomes. In specific patient populations, surgical treatment modalities for OSA have demonstrated large reductions in objective disease severity compared with no treatment and may facilitate adherence to positive airway pressure treatment. Patient-centered approaches to comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea include evaluating for both OSA and insomnia simultaneously and using shared-decision making to determine the order and timing of positive airway pressure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. The pathophysiology of central sleep apnea is complex and may be due to the loss of drive to breathe or instability in the regulatory pathways that control ventilation. Pandemic-era sleep practices have evolved rapidly to balance safety and sustainability of care for patients with sleep-disordered breathing.

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Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

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ATS Core Curriculum 2021. Adult Sleep Medicine: Sleep Apnea

et al. 2021

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A Scientometric Review of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity

et al. 2023

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that has a high prevalence in the obese population. Studies have established the relationship between OSA and a multitude of adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases, indicating the nature of OSA as a disorder with high comorbidity and mortality. Thus, OSA is a growing public health concern in the face of rising obesity trends globally. This study conducted a systematic analysis of the scientific literature on OSA from 1977 to 2022 in order to gain a better understanding of major research areas concerning OSA and the connections between these areas. Findings indicate that there are major clusters investigating the relationship between OSA and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which are health conditions commonly associated with obesity and have a significant disease burden. The findings from this scientometric analysis also indicate emerging clusters of research into more specific populations such as children with obesity and pregnant women.

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Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome

Heffernan,

Duplancic,

Kumric

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are inextricably connected. Considering the increasing burden of MetS and OSA, in the present review, we aimed to collate and summarise the potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking these pathologies. In short, obesity appears to promote OSA development via multiple pathways, some of which are not directly related to mass but rather to metabolic complications of obesity. Simultaneously, OSA promotes weight gain through central mechanisms. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus contributes to OSA pathophysiology mainly through effects on peripheral nerves and carotid body desensitization, while intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are the principal culprits in OSA-mediated diabetes. Apart from a bidirectional pathophysiological relationship, obesity and diabetes mellitus together additively increase cardiovascular risk in OSA patients. Additionally, the emergence of new drugs targeting obesity and unequivocal results of the available studies underscore the need for further exploration of the mechanisms linking MetS and OSA, all with the aim of improving outcomes in these patients.

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Metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea: A bidirectional relationship

Cited by 5 publications

References 214 publications

ATS Core Curriculum 2021. Adult Sleep Medicine: Sleep Apnea

ATS Core Curriculum 2021. Adult Sleep Medicine: Sleep Apnea

A Scientometric Review of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity

Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome

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