Metabolic syndrome as cardiovascular risk factor in childhood cancer survivors

Pluimakers, Vincent G; Waas, Marjolein van; Neggers, Sebastian J C M M; Heuvel‐Eibrink, Marry M. van den

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.10.010

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Mean fasting serum concentrations of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in exposed survivors than in unexposed survivors and controls (126.5 and 121.1 mg/dL, respectively, versus 109.8 mg/dL), as were insulin concentrations (10.4 and 10.5 μU/mL, respectively, versus 8.2 μU/mL) [123]. Several epidemiological studies have reported an increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome and CVD in childhood cancer survivors [128].…”

Section: Statins In Primary Preventionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Strategies to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer survivors

et al. 2019

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Cancer diagnostics and therapies have improved steadily over the last few decades, markedly increasing life expectancy for patients at all ages. However, conventional and newer anti-neoplastic therapies can cause short-and long-term cardiotoxicity. The clinical implications of this cardiotoxicity become more important with the increasing use of cardiotoxic drugs. The implications are especially serious among patients predisposed to adverse cardiac effects, such as youth, the elderly, those with cardiovascular comorbidities, and those receiving additional chemotherapies or thoracic radiation. However, the optimal strategy for preventing and managing chemotherapyinduced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. The routine use of neurohormonal antagonists for cardioprotection is not currently justified, given the marginal benefits and associated adverse events, particularly with long-term use. The only United States Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approved treatment for preventing anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy is dexrazoxane. We advocate administering dexrazoxane during cancer treatment to limit the cardiotoxic effects of anthracycline chemotherapy.

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Section: Statins In Primary Preventionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Strategies to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer survivors

et al. 2019

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“…Obesity has been suggested as a risk factor for higher mortality in COVID-19 patients [118]. Obesity has both been shown to be prevalent among cancer survivors [119,120], and to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors [121]. The increased risk for obesity is more prevalent in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in general.…”

Section: -Increased Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Vulnerability to COVID-19 in Cancer Survivors

Zordoky¹

2020

Preprint

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2). Although primarily a respiratory disease, cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 have been increasingly recognized. In addition, higher fatality has been reported in COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases. Cancer survivors have a considerably increased risk for premature cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to cardiotoxic cancer treatments. Therefore, it is foreseeable that cancer survivors will be more vulnerable to cardiovascular complications caused by COVID-19. In this review, three scenarios for increased cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 in cancer patients are proposed. In the first scenario, cardiotoxic cancer treatment and COVID-19 synergize to exacerbate direct myocardial damage. In the second scenario, cardiotoxic cancer treatment leads to a reduced cardiac reserve in cancer survivors, making them more vulnerable to COVID-19 in a “two-hit” model. The third scenario suggests that several shared risk factors may aggravate cardiovascular complications caused by both cancer treatment and COVID-19. Taken together, cancer survivors may be more vulnerable to cardiovascular complications when challenged by the COVID-19, and special cardiovascular care should be given to these patients.

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“…These approaches were possible due to increased hematopoietic recovery in children as compared to adults, improvements in supportive care including blood product transfusions, infection control measures, better baseline organ function in children, and a tolerance of heightened toxicity as a cost of improved survival [33] . This has resulted in long-term morbidity for survivors, including effects on growth, neurocognitive development, endocrine health, predisposition to metabolic syndrome, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, nephrotoxicity, fertility issues, and secondary malignancy risk; these have been reviewed more comprehensively elsewhere [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] . These outcomes emphasize how the identification of treatment resistance mechanisms and resultant counterstrategies are needed to reduce treatment intensity and toxicity while improving survival, which we now discuss [ Figure 1].…”

Section: Specific Considerations Of Pediatric Cancers and Pediatric Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dodging the bullet: therapeutic resistance mechanisms in pediatric cancers

Shah¹

2019

CDR

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While advances in the treatment of pediatric cancers have improved survival to > 80% across all tumor types, drug resistance continues to limit survival for a considerable number of patients. We review the known mechanisms of resistance in pediatric cancers, including processes that impair conventional chemotherapies, newer classes of targeted small molecule antineoplastic drugs, and monoclonal antibodies. We highlight similarities and differences in treatment approach and resistance between pediatric and adult cancers. We also discuss newer areas of research into drug resistance, including extracellular and immune factors.

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Metabolic syndrome as cardiovascular risk factor in childhood cancer survivors

Cited by 55 publications

References 189 publications

Strategies to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer survivors

Strategies to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer survivors

Cardiovascular Vulnerability to COVID-19 in Cancer Survivors

Dodging the bullet: therapeutic resistance mechanisms in pediatric cancers

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