Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of n‐3 PUFAs on a Model of Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance and Adiposity

Lombardo, Yolanda B.; Hein, Gustavo Juan; Chicco, Adriana

doi:10.1007/s11745-007-3039-3

Cited by 113 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Interestingly, u-3 fatty acid concentration was the only dietary factor that emerged as significant in any of the regression models. Lombardo et al (37) have suggested that in a rat model, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids may enhance insulin sensitivity, thereby improving the lipoprotein profile and decreasing CVD risk. Increased CVD risk is related to insulin resistance because it contributes to dyslipidemia (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.

Ritland¹,

Alekel²,

Matvienko³

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Body composition and energy homeostasis are thought to affect the appetitive hormones: adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin. This study examined whether centrally located fat and/or overall adiposity were related to these appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. Design: Overall and regional body composition was assessed by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry in relation to plasma adiponectin, serum leptin, serum insulin, and plasma ghrelin in 242 postmenopausal women. Results: Regression analyses revealed that the androidal-to-gynoidal fat mass ratio (18.0%), age (3.2%), and white blood cell count (1.8%) accounted for 28% of the variability in adiponectin (FZ22.2; P!0.0001); androidal (waistChip) fat mass (66.0%), androidal fat mass 2 (6.2%), wholebody lean mass (2.2%), and age (0.8%) accounted for 69% of the variability in leptin (FZ102.5; P!0.0001). Regression analyses revealed that sagittal abdominal diameter (8.4%), glucose (5.4%), white blood cell count (2.6%), and dietary u-3 fatty acids (2.0%) accounted for 32% of the variability in insulin (FZ20.8; P!0.0001); waist circumference (12.7%), hip lean mass (2.0%), and white blood cell count (1.9%) accounted for 26% of the variability in ghrelin (FZ20.7; P!0.0001). Our results indicated that centralized fat mass was the primary contributor to these appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. Conclusion: Since central adiposity in postmenopausal women was related to appetitive hormones, minimizing weight gain during the menopausal transition may optimize appetitive hormones, thereby facilitating appetite control and weight maintenance.European Journal of Endocrinology 158 889-897

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.

Ritland¹,

Alekel²,

Matvienko³

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…There is also growing evidence from animal studies that fish oil intake increases insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels in insulin resistant rats and mice (187,188) . In contrast, intervention studies generally show little or no effect of fish oils on insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in human subjects.…”

Section: Insulin Sensitivity and Glycaemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was more recently confirmed in a meta-analysis including 1075 type 2 diabetics, where the authors showed no effect of EPA and DHA on HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin or body weight (189) . There is growing evidence from animal and in vitro studies that both EPA and DHA, taken individually, exert an insulin-sensitising action (187,(190)(191)(192)(193) . However, the relative effect of EPA and DHA on insulin sensitivity in human subjects has been poorly investigated.…”

Section: Insulin Sensitivity and Glycaemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors

2011

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Compelling evidence exists for the cardioprotective benefits resulting from consumption of fatty acids from fish oils, EPA (20 :5n-3) and DHA (22 :6n-3). EPA and DHA alter membrane fluidity, interact with transcription factors such as PPAR and sterol regulatory element binding protein, and are substrates for enzymes including cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450. As a result, fish oils may improve cardiovascular health by altering lipid metabolism, inducing haemodynamic changes, decreasing arrhythmias, modulating platelet function, improving endothelial function and inhibiting inflammatory pathways. The independent effects of EPA and DHA are poorly understood. While both EPA and DHA decrease TAG levels, only DHA appears to increase HDL and LDL particle size. Evidence to date suggests that DHA is more efficient in decreasing blood pressure, heart rate and platelet aggregation compared to EPA. Fish oil consumption appears to improve arterial compliance and endothelial function; it is not yet clear as to whether differences exist between EPA and DHA in their vascular effects. In contrast, the beneficial effect of fish oils on inflammation and insulin sensitivity observed in vitro and in animal studies has not been confirmed in human subjects. Further investigation to clarify the relative effects of consuming EPA and DHA at a range of doses would enable elaboration of current understanding regarding cardioprotective effects of consuming oily fish and algal sources of long chain n-3 PUFA, and provide clearer evidence for the clinical therapeutic potential of consuming either EPA or DHA-rich oils.

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“…The reduced incidence of CVD among populations consuming fish-rich diets has been attributed to a greater proportion of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil (10)(11)(12). There is evidence that the type of protein in the diet may serve an important role in the secretion of insulin by the pancreas (13) and in the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis mediated by sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sardine protein diet increases plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and prevents tissue oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructose diet

Madani

Sener²,

Malaisse³

et al. 2015

Mol Med Report

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Abstract. The current study investigated whether sardine protein mitigates the adverse effects of fructose on plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and oxidative stress in rats. Rats were fed casein (C) or sardine protein (S) with or without high-fructose (HF) for 2 months. Plasma glucose, insulin, GLP-1, lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant enzymes were assayed. HF rats developed obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and oxidative stress despite reduced energy and food intakes. High plasma creatinine and uric acid levels, in addition to albuminuria were observed in the HF groups. The S-HF diet reduced plasma glucose, insulin, creatinine, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index levels, however increased GLP-1 levels compared with the C-HF diet. Hydroperoxides were reduced in the liver, kidney, heart and muscle of S-HF fed rats compared with C-HF fed rats. A reduction in liver, kidney and heart carbonyls was observed in S-HF fed rats compared with C-HF fed rats. Reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) were detected in the liver, kidney and heart of the S-HF fed rats compared with C-HF fed rats. The S diet compared with the C diet reduced levels of liver hydroperoxides, heart carbonyls and kidney NO. The S-HF diet compared with the C-HF diet increased the levels of liver and kidney superoxide dismutase, liver and muscle catalase, liver, heart and muscle glutathione peroxidase and liver ascorbic acid. The S diet prevented and reversed insulin resistance and oxidative stress, and may have benefits in patients with metabolic syndrome.

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Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of n‐3 PUFAs on a Model of Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance and Adiposity

Cited by 113 publications

References 43 publications

Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.

Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.

The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors

Sardine protein diet increases plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and prevents tissue oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructose diet

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