Metabolic syndrome in association with novel dietary index, metabolic parameters, nesfatin-1 and omentin-1

Abstract

Background Metabolic syndrome is a prevalent and common health problem and numerous studies have revealed the role of diet and lifestyle change in prevention of metabolic syndrome. However, the novel dietary index, cardioprotective index (CPI) and its association with metabolic syndrome is not investigated yet. In the current study, we evaluated the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, CPI, Nesfatin-1 and Omentin-1in a cross-sectional study. Methods Three hundred forty eight overweight and obese individuals with metabolic syndrome were recruited. Subjects underwent anthropometric and laboratory assays including metabolic markers, Nesfatin-1 and Omentin-1 with commercial kits. Results Those at the first tertile of CPI had lower high density lipoprotein concentrations (HDL) and higher low density lipoprotein concentrations (LDL), triglyceride (TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) levels compared with those at the highest tertiles ( P < 0.05). After adjustment for the confounding effects of age, sex, body mass index, physical activity and total calorie intake, LDL lost its significance across CPI tertiles. Moreover, serum total cholesterol, insulin and insulin resistance were not significant across CPI tertiles neither in crude nor in adjusted models ( P > 0.05). Additionally, being at the third tertile of CPI was accompanied with significantly higher Nesfatin-1 and Omentin-1 levels compared with lowest tertiels ( P < 0.05) in crude and confounder – adjusted models. Conclusions : To our findings, CPI was in positive relationship with metabolic parameters, blood pressure, Nesfatin-1 and Omentin-1 levels in metabolic syndrome. Further future studies will help to elaborate the causality. Clinical trial number Not applicable. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12902-024-01791-2.