Metabolic Syndrome in HD Patients: Association with Body Composition, Nutritional Status, Inflammation and Serum Iron

Abstract

Objective Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MeS) iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation (TSAT), ferritin, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathormone (i-PTH), TNF-alpha, IL-6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] were used. All parameters were evaluated by comparisons between two groups, with MeS (Group 2) and without it (Group 1). Logistical regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between measured variables and the presence of MeS in HD patients. Independent variables for MeS were identified by backward multivariate regression analysis. To identify the independent predictors for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR

Association of Inflammatory Biomarkers with Metabolic Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In this study, the prevalence was 59.5%, which is consistent with high prevalence of MeS in general Iranian population (50.8%). 24 Relatively little is known about the precise causes of such a high prevalence.…”

“…[26][27][28] However, our results showed that low HDL-C (85.6%) is the most prevalent MeS element in these patients, followed by hypertension (71.1%), which is in agreement with recent investigation in Iranian general population. 24 Similar to previous studies, MeS was prevalent among diabetics and female, and HD patients had higher age, WC, BMI, SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA1c, TG, and lower HDL-C levels 3,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and are just beginning the dialysis process. 29 Serum level of hsCRP, a marker of systemic inflammation, was more strongly related with MeS than other inflammatory biomarkers in regard not only to the number of components but also to their clustering, in agreement with previous reports in general population.…”

“…One previous study found no significant difference in the level of ferritin in HD patients with and without MeS, but reported an increasing serum iron level in HD patients with MeS. 3 Serum albumin level had significant positive correlation with Hb1Ac, total cholesterol, and TG, and negative correlation with HDL-C.…”

“…34,35 However, another study did not found significant relation between hsCRP and incidence of MeS in HD patients, may be due to lower sample size. 3 Serum level of hsCRP was significantly positively correlated with FPG and HbA1c, and negatively with HDL-C levels. Our results confirm the concept that inflammatory states play a primary role in the initiation of insulin resistance, and hence MeS.…”

“…The prevalence of MeS in HD patients is reported from 40% to 60%. [1][2][3][4][5] This syndrome is considered as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, mortality, and chronic kidney disease in the general population. [6][7][8][9] MeS also is a predictive parameter of mortality for HD patients, 10,11 and predicts hospitalization in these patients.…”