Metabolic Syndrome in obese children – clinical prevalence and risk factors

Jankowska, Agnieszka; Brzeziński, Michał; Romanowicz-Sołtyszewska, Anna Anna; Sidorkiewicz, Agnieszka Szlagatys -

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-29431/v1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Identifying obese children at high risk for obesity in adulthood could be prevented by changing their lifestyle [ 15 , 16 ]. Chronic inflammation in the context of obesity is associated with the development of IR and atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Markers of Early Cardiovascular Impairment and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pediatric Patients

et al. 2021

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Background: The increased prevalence of obesity among children determined the rising number of its comorbidities in children and adults, too. This study aimed to evaluate certain markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese pediatric patients, identifying those who are more likely to develop further complications. Methods: We included 115 obese pediatric patients: 85 overweight and obese patients in the study group and 30 normal-weight patients in the control group. We calculated the body mass index (BMI) and we evaluated markers (biological, inflammatory) and the hormones profile. Results: Low-threshold inflammation was assessed by measuring interleukin 6 IL-6 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecules (ICAM). The analysis showed that IL-6 is significantly correlated with glucose (p = 0.001) and BMI value (p = 0.031). ICAM correlates significantly with triglycerides (p = 0.001), glucose (p = 0.044) and BMI percentile (p = 0.037). For pediatric obese patients, endotoxemia has been significantly correlated only with BMI percentile (p = 0.001). Plasma cortisol did not show significant correlations with total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose or BMI percentile. The results indicated a significant predictive power of BMI percentile on inflammatory markers: IL-6 (AUC = 0.803, p < 0.001), ICAM (AUC = 0.806, p < 0.001) and endotoxemia (AUC = 0.762, p = 0.019). Additionally, BMI percentile has a significant predictive power for metabolic markers of insulin resistance (insulin value: AUC = 0.72, p < 0.001 and HOMA index: AUC = 0.68, p = 0.003). Conclusions: The study highlighted the importance of early markers of cardiovascular risk in obese pediatric patients represented by IL-6, ICAM, endotoxemia and their correlation with metabolic markers of insulin resistance represented by insulinemia, HOMA index and plasma cortisol. It can clearly be considered that the BMI percentile has significant predictive power for metabolic markers of insulin resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Markers of Early Cardiovascular Impairment and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pediatric Patients

et al. 2021

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“…3,4 The first systematic review with a modelling analysis to examine MetS in pediatric populations estimated that 2.8% of children and 7.8% of adolescents in the U.S. have MetS, which is representative of 2.8 million children and adolescents. 5 Though MetS prevalence has been described in pediatric populations, [5][6][7] there is no consensus on the definition and diagnosis of MetS in children younger than 10 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct racial and ethnic metabolic syndrome characteristics: A comparative assessment in low‐income children 7–10 years of age

et al. 2022

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Summary Background Pediatric MetS prevalence varies due to lack of consensus on evaluative criteria and associated thresholds, with most not recommending a diagnosis <10 years. However, MetS risk components are becoming evident earlier in life and affect races and ethnicities disproportionately. Objectives To compare the prevalence of MetS based on existing definitions and elucidate racial‐ and ethnic‐specific characteristics associated with MetS prevalence. Methods The baseline and follow‐up samples included 900 and 557 children 7–10 years, respectively. Waist circumference, BMI percentile, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were measured. Agreement between MetS definitions was quantified via kappa statistics. MetS and risk factor prevalence and the predictability of metabolic parameters on MetS eight months later was evaluated via logistic regression. McFadden pseudo‐R2 was reported as a measure of predictive ability, and the Akaike information criterion evaluated fit of each model. Results The baseline sample was 55.0% male and 71.6% Hispanic, followed by non‐Hispanic White (NHW) (17.3%) and non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) (11.1%), with an average age of 9.2 years. MetS prevalence ranged from 7.6% to 21.4%, highest in Hispanic (9.0%–24.0%) and lowest in NHB children (4.0%–14.0%). Highest agreement was between Ford et al. and Cook et al. definitions (K = 0.88) and lowest agreements were consistently with the International Diabetes Federation criteria (K ≤ 0.57). Compared to NHW children, Hispanic children had higher odds for MetS (OR: 1.7; p = 0.03) and waist circumference, HDL‐C, and FPG risk factors (p < 0.05), while NHB children had higher odds for the FPG risk factor (p ≤ 0.007) and lower odds for the plasma triglycerides risk factor (p = 0.002), across multiple MetS definitions. In longitudinal analyses, HDL‐C was the strongest independent predictor of MetS in Hispanic and NHW children (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), while plasma triglycerides was the strongest independent predictor of MetS in NHB children (p < 0.05). Conclusions MetS prevalence was high in children ≤10 years, and proposed criteria are susceptible to racial and ethnic bias, diagnosing some populations more than other populations with high cardiovascular risk. Earlier preventative measures should be imposed in clinical settings, accounting for racial and ethnic differences, to mitigate disease onset.

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Metabolic Syndrome in obese children – clinical prevalence and risk factors

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Predictive Markers of Early Cardiovascular Impairment and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pediatric Patients

Predictive Markers of Early Cardiovascular Impairment and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pediatric Patients

Distinct racial and ethnic metabolic syndrome characteristics: A comparative assessment in low‐income children 7–10 years of age

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