Metabolic Syndrome increases the Risk of Primary Liver Cancer (HCC, CCC) in the United States: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Welzel, T; Graubard, Barry I.; McGlynn, K. A.

doi:10.1055/s-0029-1225717

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Obesity has been implicated in the genesis of metabolic syndrome and in the contribution to NAFLD, NASH and cirrhosis . Obesity has also been associated with PLC and specifically HCC . These studies agree with our findings which show a similar risk association between obesity and PLC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our study findings showing an increased risk of developing PLC with raised TG are concordant with those of the SEER study . However, other studies have reported no association between raised TG and PLC .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for developing PLC in this study and has been reported to be an independent risk factor for HCC with risk estimates ranging from two to three times greater risk . Studies also report a four times prevalence of diabetics in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, reflecting our own results with cirrhosis risk .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Current epidemiological studies suggest important associations between metabolic syndrome and HCC and intra‐ductal cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) . However, underlying biological mechanisms that mediate the interactions between metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, NASH, cirrhosis and HCC (which comprises the majority of PLC cases) have not been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between individual metabolic syndrome components, primary liver cancer and cirrhosis: A study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort

et al. 2017

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which may progress to cirrhosis, a significant risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the commonest malignant primary liver cancer (PLC). We investigated the association between the individual components of MetS (lipids, apolipoproteins, raised glucose, diabetes and obesity), PLC and cirrhosis. A total of 509,436 participants from the Swedish AMORIS cohort, recruited between January 1985 and December 1996 (end-date December 2011), aged ≥20 with baseline triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose and liver enzymes were included. Those with baseline benign liver tumours, PLC or cirrhosis were excluded. Multivariate Cox regression, adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status, liver disease (excluding cirrhosis) and MetS factors were used to estimate the association with PLC and cirrhosis. There were 766 PLC and 2,775 cirrhosis cases over 13 years. Raised TG, low TC, raised glucose, diabetes and low HDL were associated with an increased risk of developing PLC and cirrhosis. ApoB/ApoA-I ratio were also associated with PLC, whilst low LDL, raised TG/HDL, low ApoA-I and low ApoB were associated with cirrhosis. Obesity was significantly associated with PLC but not cirrhosis. Raised TG, low TC, raised glucose and diabetes showed stronger associations with PLC in participants with cirrhosis but many participants developed PLC without cirrhosis. Individual components of MetS (lipids, apolipoproteins, raised glucose, diabetes and obesity) were associated with an increased risk of developing PLC or cirrhosis. MetS components were more strongly associated with PLC with preceding cirrhosis history but many participants developed PLC without cirrhosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between individual metabolic syndrome components, primary liver cancer and cirrhosis: A study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort

et al. 2017

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“…P < 0.0001). 12 Similarly, a 2014 meta-analysis of three cohort studies and one case-control study that included 829,651 participants aged between 30–84 years concluded that there is an increased risk of HCC in patients with MetS with a relative risk (RR) of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.37–2.41). Although that study included many patients, the evidence level was low and it did not account for multiple confounding variables, such as hepatitis virological status and alcohol ingestion.…”

Section: Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Hepatocellular Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Role of Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chavez-Tapia¹,

Gall²,

Ordoñez-Vázquez³

et al. 2022

JHC

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have a rising prevalence worldwide. The relationship between these two entities has long been studied and understanding it has become a public health and clinical priority. This association follows, in most patients, the path through non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and finally HCC. Nonetheless, increasing evidence has been found, that shows MetS as an independent risk factor for the development of HCC. This review brings together the clinical evidence of the relationship between these highly prevalent diseases, with a particular interest in the impact of each component of MetS on HCC; It aims to summarize the complex physiopathological pathways that explain this relationship, and to shed light on the different clinical scenarios of this association, the impact of treating the different components of MetS on the risk of HCC and what is known about screening for HCC in patients with MetS. By doing so, it hopes to improve awareness on this topic.

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Independent of Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Is Increased with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Kasmari

Welch

Liu

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Medicine

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Metabolic Syndrome increases the Risk of Primary Liver Cancer (HCC, CCC) in the United States: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The association between individual metabolic syndrome components, primary liver cancer and cirrhosis: A study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort

The association between individual metabolic syndrome components, primary liver cancer and cirrhosis: A study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort

Understanding the Role of Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Independent of Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Is Increased with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

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