Metabolic syndrome: is equine disease comparable to what we know in humans?

Ertelt, Antonia; Barton, Ann Kristin; Schmitz, R; Gehlen, Heidrun

doi:10.1530/ec-14-0038

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…This metabolic syndrome in horses is similar in many respects to that in humans but differs in that laminitis is the main component for horses, and a broad spectrum of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus are the main risk factors for humans. 1,7 The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the association of EMS with insulin dysregulation and laminitis in horses are in-Equine completely understood. 6 Horses with EMS are suggested to be less prone than humans to development of vascular complications, including atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, because of differences in lipoprotein metabolism, diet, and lifespan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular findings in ponies with equine metabolic syndrome

Heliczer¹,

Gerber²,

Bruckmaier³

et al. 2017

javma

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OBJECTIVE To determine whether hypertension, high sympathetic tone, resting and exercising arrhythmias, and echocardiographic changes consistent with hypertensive cardiomyopathy were associated with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) in ponies. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. ANIMALS 19 privately owned ponies with a diagnosis of EMS (history of laminitis, body condition score ≥ 7/9, cresty neck score ≥ 3/5, and abnormal oral sugar test result; cases) and 20 healthy control ponies. PROCEDURES Heart rate (HR), noninvasively measured arterial blood pressure (BP), markers of autonomic tone (splenic volume and HR variability), 24-hour and exercising ECGs, and echocardiograms were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, cases had a higher mean ± SD HR (44.5 ± 7.5 beats/min vs 38.6 ± 6.8 beats/min) and median mean left ventricular wall thickness (2.0 cm vs 1.8 cm). No differences were identified between groups in BP, splenic volume, HR variability, and number of premature complexes in ECGs. Mean wall thickness was correlated with BP (r = 0.54), high-frequency power (r = -0.71), and ratio of low-to high-frequency power (ϕ = 0.66). Relative wall thickness was correlated with serum insulin concentration (r = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ponies with EMS had myocardial hypertrophy that was correlated with insulin response to an oral sugar test, sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, and BP. The heterogeneity and limited sample size of this preliminary study should be considered when drawing conclusions. Cardiovascular changes associated with this syndrome deserve further attention.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular findings in ponies with equine metabolic syndrome

Heliczer¹,

Gerber²,

Bruckmaier³

et al. 2017

javma

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“…Atherosclerosis does not seem to occur in horses and yet is commonly associated with SCD in human subjects, particularly in those aged >35 years [23]. Differences in lipoprotein metabolism, diet and lifespan explain the absence of atherosclerosis in horses [35].…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Exercising arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in horses: Review of the literature and comparative aspects

Solís

2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Arrhythmias are common in equine athletes during and immediately after exercise. Many of these rhythm variations are not clinically relevant. In horses, a link between different exercising arrhythmias and poor performance or between exercising arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is strongly suspected but not fully understood or proven. SCD during races or competitions is rare, but has catastrophic consequences for the safety of the human partner and public perceptions of welfare during equestrian sports. This review summarises current knowledge of equine exercise arrhythmias and their implications in SCD and compares existing principles and recommendations for equine subjects with those for human athletes.

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“…Although this is a fairly straightforward concept, the actual etiology of obesity can be complex, involving interactions between genetics, hormones, and management. [79][80][81]94,95 The major phenotypic features of EMS include obesity and/or regional adiposity, insulin resistance, and a predisposition for laminitis. Even when horses are ridden regularly as pleasure horses, the relatively low-intensity exercise provided often does not use significant energy.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Weight Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…98 In addition to genetics, EMS, and obesity itself, some factors that can potentially cause IR include physiologic responses to stress or pregnancy, systemic inflammation, and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). 95,[104][105][106] Several other factors may influence the development of obesity in addition to insulin dysregulation and the action of adipokines. [99][100][101] Previously, adipose tissue was considered simply an energy storage depot with a fixed number of adipocytes.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Weight Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Approach to Commonly Encountered Problems

Hines¹

2018

Equine Internal Medicine

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Metabolic syndrome: is equine disease comparable to what we know in humans?

Cited by 39 publications

References 125 publications

Cardiovascular findings in ponies with equine metabolic syndrome

Cardiovascular findings in ponies with equine metabolic syndrome

Exercising arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in horses: Review of the literature and comparative aspects

Clinical Approach to Commonly Encountered Problems

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