Metabolic syndrome is related to vascular structural alterations but not to functional ones both in hypertensives and healthy subjects

Maloberti, Alessandro; Bombelli, Michele; Vallerio, Paola; Milani, M; Cartella, Iside; Tavecchia, Giovanni; Tognola, C; Grasso, E; Sun, Jing; Chiara, Benedetta De; Riccobono, S.; Giannattasio, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.011

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In our regression models in the 2 cohorts with or without MS, however, there was no significant impact of PM2.5 on the FMD surrogate marker. Our findings reierate previous report documenting MS is related to vascular structural alteration but not to functional ones [40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Independent Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherosclerosis in Modernizing China

KS¹,

KCY²,

Chook³

et al. 2021

austinjpublichealthepidemiol

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Background: Air Pollution (AP) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are important global health hazards of the 21st century, in mainland China in particular, and AP has been associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. Methods: To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome on AP-related atherogenesis, 1557 Han Chinese adults (mean age 47.2±11.8 years, male 47%) in Hong Kong, Macau, Pun Yu, Yu County (Shanxi coalmine) and 3-Gorges (Yangtze River) were studied. Cardiovascular risk profiles and metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria) were evaluated. PM2.5 (satellite sensor modeling), and atherosclerotic surrogates, brachial reactivity (FMD) and carotid Intima-media thickness (IMT) (ultrasound), were measured. Results: The yearly PM2.5 concentration ranged from 34.0μg/m³ in Hong Kong to 93.8μg/m³ in 3-Gorges Territories. MS was diagnosed in 340 subjects (21.8%). Smoking status, gender and PM2.5 were similar in the MS cohort versus those without MS. Blood pressures (SBP and DBP), waist circumference, triglycerides and glucose were higher, but high-density lipidcholesterol was lower in the MS cohort, compared to the other subjects. Brachial FMD was significantly lower and carotid IMT significantly higher (0.70±0.13 mm, 95% CI 0.68-0.71 mm vs. 0.63mm±0.14mm, 95% CI 0.62-0.64 mm) in the MS cohort than those without (P<0.0001). On multivariate regression, PM2.5 was not related to MS development, but was significantly related to carotid IMT in both no MS (beta=0.234, P<0.0001) and MS cohorts (beta=0.245, p<0.0001), independent of age, SBP, and waist circumference. There was no direct interaction between PM2.5 and MS. Conclusions: Both AP and MS have independent impacts on atherogenic processes in China, with significant implications for atherosclerosis prevention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Independent Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherosclerosis in Modernizing China

KS¹,

KCY²,

Chook³

et al. 2021

austinjpublichealthepidemiol

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“…We propose carotid IMT and brachial FMD as two surrogate targets for measuring the success of possible prevention of PM2.5-related atherogenesis in Chinese. While the nationwide adoption of PM2.5-reduction policies will be welcomed in both Northern and Southern Chinese, our present study would suggest the possible importance of micronutrient (folate and vitamin B12) deficiencies in some areas of Northern China, apart from control of vascular risk factor [31]. In addition, strategies on a more personal approach may be advisable particularly in southern China, including face-mask and filtering devices for indoor air pollution [34][35][36][37], as well as exploration of potential medical therapies to reduce the impact of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Metabolic syndrome includes the impact of several atherosclerotic risk factors i.e., blood pressure, waist circumference, HDL and LDL-cholesterol and fasting glucose. We and others have documented its detrimental impact on atherogenesis, independent of PM2.5 [18,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherogenesis in Modernizing Southern versus Northern China

et al. 2021

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To evaluate the impact of PM2.5 air pollution on atherogenic processes in modernizing Southern versus Northern China, we studied 1323 asymptomatic Chinese in Southern and Northern China in 1996–2007. PM2.5 exposure and metabolic syndrome (MS) were noted. Brachial flow-mediated dilation (endothelial function FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by ultrasound. Although age and gender were similar, PM2.5 was higher in Northern China than in Southern China. The Northern Chinese were characterized by lower lipids, folate and vitamin B12, but higher age, blood pressures, MS and homocysteine (HC) (p = 0.0015). Brachial FMD was significantly lower and carotid IMT was significantly greater (0.68 ± 0.13) in Northern Chinese, compared with FMD and IMT (0.57 ± 0.13, p < 0.0001) in Southern Chinese. On multivariate regression, for the overall cohort, carotid IMT was significantly related to PM2.5, independent of location and traditional risk factors (Model R2 = 0.352, F = 27.1, p < 0.0001), while FMD was inversely related to gender, age, and northern location, but not to PM2.5. In Southern Chinese, brachial FMD was inversely correlated to PM2.5, independent of age, whereas carotid IMT was significantly related to PM2.5, independent of age and gender. In Northern Chinese, brachial FMD was inversely related to gender only, but not to PM2.5, while carotid IMT was related to traditional risk factors. Despite a higher PM2.5 pollution in Northern China, PM2.5 pollution was more significantly associated with atherogenic surrogates in Southern compared to Northern Chinese. This has potential implications for atherosclerosis prevention.

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“…The results are the same as previous studies. 45 This may be because different organ damage has different mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Lipid Accumulation Product and Target Organ Damage in Elderly Population: The Northern Shanghai Study

Zhao

Ren

et al. 2021

CIA

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Introduction Lipid accumulation product (LAP), calculated from waist circumference (WC) and triglycerides (TG), is a novel index that correlates cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the relationship between LAP and target organ damage (TOD) in elderly Chinese community-dwelling individuals. Materials and Methods We enrolled 3363 participants whose age was ≥65 years old. TOD, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), arterial stiffness (AS), lower extremity atherosclerotic (LEA), micro-albuminuria (MAU) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), was measured using standard methods. LAP was calculated as (WC–65) × TG in men and (WC–58) × TG in women. Both quartiles and continuation of LAP were analyzed. Results Age-sex adjusted partial correlation analysis showed that LAP was significantly associated with CVD risk factors. With the first quartile (Q1) as a reference, in univariate logistic regression, the fourth quartile (Q4) of LAP was associated with all TOD. In multivariate model, Q4 of LAP was only associated with an increased risk of AS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37–2.58, P for trend < 0.001), MAU (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01–1.75, P for trend = 0.02) and CKD (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.39–4.12, P for trend < 0.001). But, Q4 of LAP was not associated with an increased risk of LVH (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.85–1.65, P for trend = 0.25) or LEA (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.58–1.29, P for trend = 0.96). Similar associations were found when analyzed continuously. Conclusion The novel metabolic parameter LAP is significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness, chronic kidney disease and micro-albuminuria in Chinese community-dwelling elderly individuals.

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Metabolic syndrome is related to vascular structural alterations but not to functional ones both in hypertensives and healthy subjects

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Independent Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherosclerosis in Modernizing China

Independent Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherosclerosis in Modernizing China

The Impact of Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherogenesis in Modernizing Southern versus Northern China

Association Between Lipid Accumulation Product and Target Organ Damage in Elderly Population: The Northern Shanghai Study

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