Metabolic Syndrome Status Changes with Fitness Level Change: A Retrospective Analysis

Maxwell, Mark S.; Goslin, Brian R.; Gellish, Ronald L.; Hightower, Kenneth R.; Olson, R. E.; Moudgil, Virinder K.; Russi, Gary D.

doi:10.1089/met.2007.0013

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There is convincing evidence from clinical trials and epidemiologic studies that improving physical activity or, especially, fitness is beneficial,(2,26,27) whereas gaining weight or fatness is detrimental,(7,28–30) for developing hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia. Also, improving physical activity or fitness is correlated with favorable changes in components of CVD risk factors such as blood pressure, lipid profiles and waist circumference,(31–34) and gaining weight or fatness is correlated with unfavorable changes in such components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Fitness and Fatness on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Lee

Sui

Church

et al. 2012

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

248

185

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Objectives Our aim was to examine the independent and combined associations of changes in fitness and fatness with the subsequent incidence of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia. Background The relative and combined contributions of fitness and fatness to health are controversial, and few studies are available on the associations of changes in fitness and fatness with the development of CVD risk factors. Methods We followed 3,148 healthy adults who received at least three medical examinations. Fitness was determined by a maximal treadmill test. Fatness was expressed by percent body fat and body mass index. Changes in fitness and fatness between the first and second examinations were categorized into loss, stable, or gain groups. Results During the 6-year follow-up after the second examination, 752, 426, and 597 adults developed hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. Maintaining or improving fitness was associated with lower risk of developing each outcome, whereas increasing fatness was associated with higher risk of developing each outcome, after adjusting for possible confounders and fatness or fitness for each other (all p for trend <0.05). In the joint analyses, the increased risks associated with fat gain appeared to be attenuated, although not completely eliminated, when fitness was maintained or improved. In addition, the increased risks associated with fitness loss were also somewhat attenuated when fatness was reduced. Conclusions Both maintaining or improving fitness and preventing fat gain are important to reduce the risk of developing CVD risk factors in healthy adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Fitness and Fatness on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Lee

Sui

Church

et al. 2012

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

248

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These results are similar to those of Mathieu and colleagues, who reported that a physical activity and aerobic fitness intervention significantly improved blood pressure, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol in participants with metabolic syndrome (33). Others found that all the metabolic syndrome risk factors were reduced because of an increase in fitness level after 3 years, although waist circumference was not measured (34). These studies did not control for change in weight, and we found that after including weight change as a covariate, most significant associations were lost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Change in Aerobic Fitness and Weight on Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome

Crist¹,

Champagne²,

Corsino³

et al. 2012

Prev. Chronic. Dis.

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“…Aerobic fitness level, measured as maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ), is a strong marker for cardiac health. Large-scale epidemiological studies have demonstrated that low VO 2max is the single best predictor of future CVD mortality both in healthy individuals and in patients with CVD [2]–[6]. Based on this, more knowledge of the differences between healthy individuals with a large difference in VO 2max -level will be of great interest to identify new biomarkers of low aerobic fitness that may also have a potential as an early biomarker of CVD risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Choline-Containing Compounds Are Associated with Aerobic Fitness Level: The HUNT-Study

et al. 2012

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BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the number of people at risk is continuously growing. New methods for early risk prediction are therefore needed to actuate prevention strategies before the individuals are diagnosed with CVD. Several studies report that aerobic fitness level, measured as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), is the single best predictor of future CVD mortality in healthy people. Based on this, we wanted to study differences between healthy individuals with a large difference in VO2max-level to identify new biomarkers of low aerobic fitness that may also have potential as early biomarkers of CVD risk.Methodology/Principal FindingsSerum samples from 218 healthy individuals with a low VO2max (n = 108, 63 women) or high VO2max (n = 110, 64 women) were analysed with MR metabolomics. In addition, standard clinical-chemical analyses for glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, micro-CRP, and colorimetric analysis on circulating choline were performed. Individuals in the low VO2max-group had increased serum levels of free choline, decreased phosphatidylcholine, increased glucosę and decreased unsaturated fatty acids compared to the individuals in the high VO2max–group.Conclusions/SignificanceAerobic fitness dependent differences in serum levels of free choline and phosphatidylcholine are observed. They should be further studied as potential early markers of CVD risk.

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Metabolic Syndrome Status Changes with Fitness Level Change: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract: Increases in GXT duration accompanied MetS reversal while declines in GXT duration occurred with MetS acquisition. On an individual basis, these changes in GXT duration may be an indicator of disease status.

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Changes in Fitness and Fatness on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Changes in Fitness and Fatness on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Influence of Change in Aerobic Fitness and Weight on Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome

Serum Levels of Choline-Containing Compounds Are Associated with Aerobic Fitness Level: The HUNT-Study

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