Metabolism and enzyme activities of hagfish from shallow and deep water of the Pacific Ocean

Drazen, Jeffrey C.; Yeh, John; Friedman, Jason R.; Condon, Nicole E.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.018

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…While other Scorpaeniforms are active swimmers, Sebastolobus species are generally sedentary fishes observed sitting on the seafloor with minimal avoidance responses from towed cameras, indicating a reduced need for large gills or high aerobic enzyme activities (Vetter and Lynn 1997;Lauth et al 2004). Direct measurements of oxygen consumption rates also suggest they have three to four times lower oxygen demand than Sebastes and A. fimbria (Drazen and Seibel 2007). Even in high-oxygen waters, Sebastolobus species not considered in this study exhibit minimal swimming activity (Watanabe et al 2004), indicating that S. altivelis and alascanus may have small gills and low aerobic enzyme activities from phylogeny rather than as an adaptation to inhabit the OMZ.…”

Section: Regression Equationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Previous work confirms equally low CS activities and LDH activities among the three species (Vetter et al 1994). Compared to Sebastolobus, flatfishes had similarly low aerobic activities, which correspond well to sedentary behavior (Drazen and Seibel 2007). Adaptation to low oxygen in flatfishes was evident in gill architecture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The gadiform fishes consisted of the following two species: Nezumia liolepis, a small-bodied grenadier with a vertical distribution limited to OMZ waters (Hoff et al 2000), and Coryphaenoides acrolepis, a large-bodied grenadier with a peak abundance below the OMZ (Drazen 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enzymatic analyses were conducted as in Drazen et al (2011). Samples were homogenized in a 10:1 dilution using an ice cold titrated tris-buffer solution (pH of 7.55 at 10.0uC) with a motorized ground glass tissue homogenizer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerobic metabolism is more energetically efficient than anaerobic pathways; thus, aerobic activity is preferred even when dissolved oxygen levels are low (Seibel 2011). Midwater fishes which are OMZ transients do not rely on anaerobic metabolism, likely because of the energetically costly accumulation of lactate (Childress and Seibel 1998); therefore, it is unlikely permanent that OMZ dwellers would do the same (Seibel 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gill surface area and metabolic enzyme activities of demersal fishes associated with the oxygen minimum zone off California

Friedman

Condon

Drazen

2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Metabolic enzyme activities and gill surface areas were measured across 10 species of demersal fishes from Monterey Canyon, California, which features a prominent oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Comparisons were made between species living both within and outside of the OMZ. Enzyme activities showed no significant trend toward aerobic suppression or heightened reliance on anaerobic metabolism in response to the OMZ. While flatfish species living both within and outside of the OMZ had similarly low enzyme activities, the OMZ-dwelling Microstomus pacificus had 1.8-3 times larger gill surface area than comparably sized flatfishes from higher-oxygen waters, suggesting a morphological adaptation to low oxygen. In scorpaeniform fishes, high aerobic metabolism was accompanied by large gill surface areas in two routine-swimming OMZ-dwelling species (Anoplopoma fimbria and Careproctus melanurus). Low aerobic activities and small gills were found in two Sebastolobus species, suggesting a low oxygen demand resulting from a more sedentary behavior compared to other Scorpaeniformes. In gadiform fishes, no differences were measured in enzyme activity levels, but larger gill surface areas were measured in OMZdwelling Nezumia liolepis. These results indicate adaptation to low oxygen in a variety of ways that balance oxygen demand with supply, with no indication that these species rely on enhanced anaerobic metabolism. With both flatfishes and rattails, adaptation to OMZs is demonstrated through increased gill surface area.Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are midwater regions (200-1000 m) where dissolved oxygen levels are reduced by an order of magnitude relative to waters above and below the OMZ core, defined by a concentration of . 0.5 mL O 2 L 21 seawater (Levin 2003). While anoxic and hypoxic conditions exist temporarily in coastal margins, OMZs differ because they are temporally stable and impinge onto the continental shelf and slope.Recent data have indicated an ongoing expansion in several OMZs. Tropical OMZs have been simultaneously shoaling and deepening tens of meters over the past four decades (Stramma et al. 2010). Alaskan Gyre hypoxic waters (60 mmol L 21 ) have shoaled from 400 m to 300 m within the last five decades (Whitney et al. 2007). Additionally, California Current system dissolved oxygen levels have dropped, with the hypoxic boundary shifting 90 m vertically in the last three decades (Bograd et al. 2008).Given these recent expansions, there is a heightened importance in understanding how species living both within and nearby OMZs are adapted to low oxygen. Some benthic and midwater taxa associated with OMZ cores have been studied and exhibit adaptations to aerobically meet requirements for routine metabolism in low oxygen (Childress and Seibel 1998). However, little information is available to characterize how demersal fish species may react to changes in ambient oxygen concentrations.Fishes can cope with persistently low oxygen through two theoretical mechanisms that are not mutually exclusive: increased oxy...

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Section: Regression Equationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%