Metabolism and Physiology of Abscisic Acid

Zeevaart, Jan A. D.; Creelman, Robert A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.39.060188.002255

Cited by 1,287 publications

(646 citation statements)

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“…In addition, carotenoids are precursors of the plant phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Therefore, defective carotenoid biosynthesis often results in reduced de novo synthesis of ABA, which, in turn, causes abnormal development as well as an altered response to various stresses [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

et al. 2007

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Carotenoids, a class of natural pigments found in all photosynthetic organisms, are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including coloration, photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and chloroplast biogenesis. Although carotenoid biosynthesis has been well studied biochemically, the genetic basis of the pathway is not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of two allelic Arabidopsis mutants, spontaneous cell death1-1 (spc1-1) and spc1-2. The weak allele spc1-1 mutant showed characteristics of bleached leaves, accumulation of superoxide and mosaic cell death. The strong mutant allele spc1-2 caused a complete arrest of plant growth and development shortly after germination, leading to a seedling-lethal phenotype. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that SPC1 encodes a putative z-carotene desaturase (ZDS) in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of carotenoids revealed that several major carotenoid compounds downstream of SPC1/ZDS were substantially reduced in spc1-1, suggesting that SPC1 is a functional ZDS. Consistent with the downregulated expression of CAO and PORB, the chlorophyll content was decreased in spc1-1 plants. In addition, expression of Lhcb1.1, Lhcb1.4 and RbcS was absent in spc1-2, suggesting the possible involvement of carotenoids in the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. The spc1-1 mutant also displays an ABA-deficient phenotype that can be partially rescued by the externally supplied phytohormone. These results suggest that SPC1/ZDS is essential for biosynthesis of carotenoids and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

et al. 2007

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“…It is well documented that ABA is an essential mediator in plant response to environmental stresses [25]. ABA and drought treatments can trigger an increase in BADH mRNA levels and the content of BADH protein in barley leaves at low temperature, but the results showed a low level accumulation of GB [12], [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2001

Cell Res

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Plants synthesize the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB) via choline betaine aldehyde glycine betaine [1]. Two enzymes are involved in the pathway, choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). A full length CMO cDNA (1,643bp) was cloned from Amaranthus tricolor. The open reading frame encoded a 442-amino acid polypeptide, which showed 69% identity with CMOs in Spinacia oleracea L. and Beta vulgaris L. DNA gel blot analysis indicated the presence of one copy of CMO gene in the A. tricolor genome. The expressions of CMO and BADH proteins in A.tricolor leaves significantly increased under salinization, drought and heat stress (42 o C), as determined by immunoblot analysis, but did not respond to cold stress (4 o C), or exogenous ABA application. The increase of GB content in leaves was parallel to CMO and BADH contents.

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“…The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is implicated in the control of processes resulting in tolerance [1,3 5]. Endogenous ABA concentrations increase in plants in response to stress [6] and many, but not all stress-induced genes, are responsive to exogenous ABA treatment [1,[3][4][5]. Many genes that respond to ABA are also expressed during seed development during the late stages of embryogenesis and are thought to be involved in the development of desiccation tolerance [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%