Metabolism and potential clinical applications of short-chain fatty acids

Reilly, Kathleen J.; Rombeau, John L.

doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(09)90016-4

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fermentation of these components can affect the intestinal environment through the release of microbial byproducts known as SCFA. SCFA, such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, have been shown to enhance the health of colonic enterocytes as well as interact with mucosal immune cells (83)(84)(85). Studies in our laboratory revealed that dietary rice bran fermented with Saccharomyces boulardii inhibited the growth of Raji B cell lymphoma cells (18).…”

Section: Rice Bran Associated Cancer Chemopreventive Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemopreventive Properties of Dietary Rice Bran: Current Status and Future Prospects

Henderson

Ollila

Kumar

et al. 2012

Advances in Nutrition

187

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emerging evidence suggests that dietary rice bran may exert beneficial effects against several types of cancer, such as breast, lung, liver, and colorectal cancer. The chemopreventive potential has been related to the bioactive phytochemicals present in the bran portion of the rice such as ferulic acid, tricin, β-sitosterol, γ-oryzanol, tocotrienols/tocopherols, and phytic acid. Studies have shown that the anticancer effects of the rice bran-derived bioactive components are mediated through their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and alter cell cycle progression in malignant cells. Rice bran bioactive components protect against tissue damage through the scavenging of free radicals and the blocking of chronic inflammatory responses. Rice bran phytochemicals have also been shown to activate anticancer immune responses as well as affecting the colonic tumor microenvironment in favor of enhanced colorectal cancer chemoprevention. This is accomplished through the modulation of gut microflora communities and the regulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. In addition, the low cost of rice production and the accessibility of rice bran make it an appealing candidate for global dietary chemoprevention. Therefore, the establishment of dietary rice bran as a practical food-derived chemopreventive agent has the potential to have a significant impact on cancer prevention for the global population.

show abstract

Section: Rice Bran Associated Cancer Chemopreventive Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemopreventive Properties of Dietary Rice Bran: Current Status and Future Prospects

Henderson

Ollila

Kumar

et al. 2012

Advances in Nutrition

187

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SCFA and gasses are thought to be readily absorbed from the colon (Arola & Tamm, 1994;Reilly & Rombeau, 1993;Saavedra & Perman, 1989). Acetate is the principal SCFA produced, forming about 50% of all SCFAs.…”

Section: Colonic Fermentation Of Lactose In Lactase-deficient Individmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal fermentation of lactose and prebiotic lactose derivatives, including human milk oligosaccharides

Venema¹

2012

International Dairy Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Peripheral tissues take up the remainder of propionate because peripheral venous blood levels were 23% lower compared with hepatic venous blood levels. In another study it was estimated that humans use 50% of the propionate as a substrate for hepatic gluconeogenesis ( 108 ). The general view is that the liver clears a large fraction of propionate from the portal circulation, but absolute values are still unknown.…”

Section: Transport Of Scfas Across Host Cell Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism

Besten

Eunen

Groen

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

3,786

2,665

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

of the metabolic syndrome, the exact mechanisms underlying the different comorbidities are not yet completely known. Recently, dietary fi bers have raised much interest, as they exert benefi cial effects on body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity ( 2-4 ). Epidemiological studies show an association between a higher fi ber intake and a reduced risk of irritable bowel syndrome, infl ammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and colon cancer ( 1 ).Humans lack the enzymes to degrade the bulk of dietary fi bers. Therefore these nondigestible carbohydrates pass the upper gastrointestinal tract unaffected and are fermented in the cecum and the large intestine by the anaerobic cecal and colonic microbiota. Fermentation results in multiple groups of metabolites [elegantly reviewed by Nicholson et al. ( 5 )] of which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major group ( 6 ). To the microbial community SCFAs are a necessary waste product, required to balance redox equivalent production in the anaerobic environment of the gut ( 7 ). SCFAs are saturated aliphatic organic acids that consist of one to six carbons of which acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4) are the most abundant ( у 95%) ( 8 ). Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are present in an approximate molar ratio of 60:20:20 in the colon and stool ( 9-11 ). Depending on the diet, the total concentration of SCFAs decreases from 70 to 140 mM in the proximal colon to 20 to 70 mM in the distal colon ( 12 ). A unique series of measurements in Abstract Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end products of fermentation of dietary fi bers by the anaerobic intestinal microbiota, have been shown to exert multiple benefi cial effects on mammalian energy metabolism. The mechanisms underlying these effects are the subject of intensive research and encompass the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. This review summarizes the role of SCFAs in host energy metabolism, starting from the production by the gut microbiota to the uptake by the host and ending with the effects on host metabolism. There are interesting leads on the underlying molecular mechanisms, but there are also many apparently contradictory results . A coherent understanding of the multilevel network in which SCFAs exert their effects is hampered by the lack of quantitative data on actual fl uxes of SCFAs and metabolic processes regulated by SCFAs. In this review we address questions that, when answered, will bring us a great step forward in elucidating the role of SCFAs in mammalian energy metabolism. -den Besten, G., K. van Eunen, A. K. The decrease in physical exercise and increase in energy intake, especially seen in the Western world, disrupts the energy balance in humans and can lead to a complex of symptoms collectively denoted as the metabolic syndrome. The key characteristics of the metabolic syndrome are obesity, loss of glycemic control, dyslipidemia, and hypertension ( 1 ). Due to the complex multifactorial etiolog...

show abstract

Metabolism and potential clinical applications of short-chain fatty acids

Cited by 29 publications

References 71 publications

Chemopreventive Properties of Dietary Rice Bran: Current Status and Future Prospects

Chemopreventive Properties of Dietary Rice Bran: Current Status and Future Prospects

Intestinal fermentation of lactose and prebiotic lactose derivatives, including human milk oligosaccharides

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About