Metabolism, Nutrition, and Function of Carotenoids

Goodwin, T. W.

doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.6.1.273

Cited by 25 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Knowledge about MAA concentrations in natural phytoplankton assemblages is limited, but we do know that quantities vary considerably among lakes (Laurion et al 2002), and MAA concentrations may be very low in some systems (Hansson et al 2007). Photo-protective compounds are commonly not synthesized by animals and hence must be derived from their food (Goodwin 1986;Shick and Dunlap 2002). Copepods in our experiment displayed different carotenoid concentrations among treatments, even though there were no significant differences in the composition of the phytoplankton assemblage among treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Zooplankton vertical migration and plasticity of pigmentation arising from simultaneous UV and predation threats

Hylander

Larsson

Hansson

2009

Limnology & Oceanography

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We assessed how zooplankton (copepods) handle the simultaneous threats of predators and ultraviolet (UV) radiation and whether they respond with changes in pigmentation, vertical migration, or both. We found weak vertical migration among copepods in response to UV stress, and this response was not apparently influenced by predation risk. Exposure to high levels of UV radiation caused copepods to retain pigments in the absence of a predation threat. When exposed to predation threat, they reduced their pigmentation regardless of UV level. Thus, they ranked predation as a threat more severe than UV radiation. Reducing the protective pigment level in response to predation in a situation in which UV radiation is high may, however, lead to higher mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Zooplankton vertical migration and plasticity of pigmentation arising from simultaneous UV and predation threats

Hylander

Larsson

Hansson

2009

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Carotenoids may also reveal an individual's history of disease, current state of health, or potential to respond to future infections, through physiological effects of parasites on carotenoid metabolism, or utilization and oxidation of carotenoids by the immune system (Kodric-Brown & Brown, 1984 ;Putnam, 1992;Hudon, 1994;Lozano, 1994;Thompson et al, 1997 ;Olson & Owens, 1998 ;Wedekind et al, 1998;Camplani, Saino & Møller, 1999 ;von Schantz et al, 1999 ;Møller et al, 2000). The pro-vitamin A activity of some carotenoids is well known (Goodwin, 1986). Carotenoids have also been implicated as antioxidants, immune response enhancers, and cancer inhibitors (Bendich, 1989;Burton, 1989 ;Connett et al, 1989;Krinsky, 1989;Møller et al, 2000 ;Blount et al, 2003;Faivre et al, 2003; Fig.…”

Section: Individual Colour Patches As Multicomponent Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual colour patches as multicomponent signals

2004

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Colour patches are complex traits, the components of which may evolve independently through a variety of mechanisms. Although usually treated as simple, two-dimensional characters and classified as either structural or pigmentary, in reality colour patches are complicated, three-dimensional structures that often contain multiple pigment types and structural features. The basic dermal chromatophore unit of fishes, reptiles and amphibians consists of three contiguous cell layers. Xanthophores and erythrophores in the outermost layer contain carotenoid and pteridine pigments that absorb short-wave light ; iridophores in the middle layer contain crystalline platelets that reflect light back through the xanthophores ; and melanophores in the basal layer contain melanins that absorb light across the spectrum. Changes in any one component of a chromatophore unit can drastically alter the reflectance spectrum produced, and for any given adaptive outcome (e.g. an increase in visibility), there may be multiple biochemical or cellular routes that evolution could take, allowing for divergent responses by different populations or species to similar selection regimes. All of the mechanisms of signal evolution that previously have been applied to single ornaments (including whole colour patches) could potentially be applied to the individual components of colour patches. To reach a complete understanding of colour patch evolution, however, it may be necessary to take an explicitly multi-trait approach. Here, we review multiple trait evolution theory and the basic mechanisms of colour production in fishes, reptiles and amphibians, and use a combination of computer simulations and empirical examples to show how multiple trait evolution theory can be applied to the components of single colour patches. This integrative perspective on animal colouration opens up a host of new questions and hypotheses. We offer specific, testable functional hypotheses for the most common pigmentary (carotenoid, pteridine and melanin) and structural components of vertebrate colour patches.

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“…Moreover, carotenoids are pigments predominantly found in fruits and vegetables (Goodwin, 1986;Olson, 1989;Rock, 1997;Rock et al, 1997). Plasma and adipose tissue concentration of carotenoids might represent a long-term or intermediate biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake (Drewnowski et al, 1997a, b;Polsinelli et al, 1998;Block et al, 2001;El Sohemy et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study

et al. 2004

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Background: There is a need for objective and universally applicable biomarkers for the intake of foods believed to affect human health. Objective: The purpose of this feeding study was to test whether plasma concentrations of carotenoids could be used to distinguish recommended consumption of mixed fruits and vegetables (five a day) from the current national intake of fruits and vegetables (two a day). Design: A strict crossover design was chosen to correct for observed interindividual variations in carotenoid response. A total of 40 healthy subjects were included in the study. After 1 week run-in period with no fruits and vegetables in the diet, one group was given two portions (300 g) of fruits and vegetables daily, while another group was given five portions (750 g) for 14 days. Following a 2 week wash-out period and 1 week run-in, the regimens were switched between the groups. Fruits and vegetables were combined to match a typical Norwegian diet. Results: Enhanced intake from two to five portions of mixed fruits and vegetables increased plasma concentrations of a-carotene (P ¼ 0.033) and lutein (P ¼ 0.051) in a crossover analysis. Analysis of data in the parallel part of the study revealed differences between the high and low intake for plasma concentrations of a-carotene (P ¼ 0.013) and b-carotene (P ¼ 0.016). A trend was also evident for plasma concentrations of lycopene (P ¼ 0.057) and lutein (P ¼ 0.076) in the parallel analysis. No effect of high vs low intake of fruits and vegetables was observed for plasma concentrations of b-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Conclusion: The study indicates that plasma concentration of a-carotene, b-carotene and lutein may be used to assess changes of fruit and vegetable intake corresponding to an increase from the present national intake in Norway to the recommended amount of five portions of fruits and vegetables daily.

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Metabolism, Nutrition, and Function of Carotenoids

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Zooplankton vertical migration and plasticity of pigmentation arising from simultaneous UV and predation threats

Zooplankton vertical migration and plasticity of pigmentation arising from simultaneous UV and predation threats

Individual colour patches as multicomponent signals

Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study

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