Metabolism of Freshly Isolated Human Hair Follicles Capable of Hair Elongation: A Glutaminolytic, Aerobic Glycolytic Tissue

Williams, Rebecca; Philpott, Michael P.; Kealey, Terence

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12476744

Cited by 61 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…During physiological catagen, it is known that this epithelial strand plays a pivotal role in the regrowth of a new HF by guiding stem cells towards the FP. 37 We speculate that in chemotherapy-induced alopecia, the close relationship between the FP and this epithelial strand plays a similar pivotal role in guaranteeing the growth of a new follicle, thus rendering hair loss reversible.…”

Section: Mesenchymal Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Epithelium–mesenchyme compartment interaction and oncosis on chemotherapy-induced hair damage

Selleri

Arnaboldi

Vizzotto

et al. 2004

Laboratory Investigation

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It is known that chemotherapy induces alopecia in humans, with important psychological and social implications in spite of its reversibility. Among chemotherapeutic drugs, anthracyclines are widely used, yet cause severe alopecia. One of the causes for the elevated sensibility of hair follicles to anthracyclines, and to drugs in general, is the high proliferation rate of follicular epithelium and the long duration of the growth phase (up to 7 years in humans). To clarify the mechanism of anthracycline toxicity, we used a rat model and focused our attention on the morphological alterations in hair follicles induced by doxorubicin. We observed the progression of hair follicle degeneration in the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments until alopecia arose, by both light and electron microscopy. As a first sign of damage, significant apoptosis was detected in the proximal perifollicular connective tissue sheath and sporadically in the matrix, near the interface between matrix and follicular papilla. We propose the apoptotic remodeling of the mesenchymal compartment as a process that is fundamental to the progression of events leading to alopecia. Regarding the epithelial compartment, it is important to note that oncosis was observed in a large number of follicular cells in the outer root sheath during the last stages of hair follicle regression. This indicates that oncosis is involved in a major way in the damage of epithelial cells.

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Section: Mesenchymal Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…49,50 Glycogen metabolism is very important in the epidermis and, in particular, within the hair follicle. 37 In general, the accumulation of glycogen granules is inversely proportional to metabolic activity. 17 Data reported in literature have suggested that glucose transport may represent an early target for DXR.…”

Section: Epithelial Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelium–mesenchyme compartment interaction and oncosis on chemotherapy-induced hair damage

Selleri

Arnaboldi

Vizzotto

et al. 2004

Laboratory Investigation

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“…The growing human hair follicle in vitro, therefore, may merely be characteristic of many peripheral tissues in its metabolism, but its retention of viability over 10 days offers a powerful tool with which to study this question [27],…”

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confidence: 99%

The Human Hair Follicle Engages in Glutaminolysis and Aerobic Glycolysis: Implications for Skin, Splanchnic and Neoplastic Metabolism

Kealey

Williams

Philpott³

1994

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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On maintenance in supplemented Williams E medium, human hair follicles grow at the normal rate, and retain their normal anagen morphology, for up to 10 days. This permits us to study their metabolism under near-physiological conditions. The ATP content of freshly isolated follicles was 124.4 ± 10.6 pmol/follicle (mean ± SEM; n = 50). The energy charge was 0.81 ± 0.08 and the glycogen content 2.3 ± 0.3 nmol/follicle. These did not alter significantly during any metabolic studies, which were performed for up to 6 h in supplemented Williams E medium. We found that the major fuel was glucose, which at physiological concentrations yields 5.47 ± 0.77 nmol ATP/follicle/h, but 90% of the glucose was metabolised to lactate, and only 10% oxidised. Glutamine was also an important fuel, generating 2.16 ± 0.33 nmol ATP/follicle/h, but this too was largely metabolised to lactate rather than oxidised. Lipid fuels such as palmitate or β-hydroxybutyrate only yielded 0.72 ± 0.15 and 0.72 ± 0.14 nmol ATP/follicle/h, respectively, and their oxidation did not inhibit glucose utilisation. No glucose-fatty acid cycle operates in the hair follicle, therefore, but a glucose-glutamine cycle does, since the presence of glutamine will inhibit glucose utilisation.

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“…[50] One might guess that this glucose reservoir plays a key role in the aerobic glycolysis process, required for matrix cell proliferation and hair growth maintenance. [51,52] In addition, a complex, dynamic and regionalized network of proteoglycans [5] and proteoglycan-modifying enzymes [8] has been revealed in the different compartments of the human hair follicle. The distribution of proteoglycans in the human hair follicle was originally described in the early 1990s, with a focus on (i) chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparin sulphate proteoglycans, [53] (ii) syndecan 1, perlecan and decorin [54] and (iii) for versican.…”

Section: Insights From Glycobiology?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The hair follicle enigma

Bernard

2017

Experimental Dermatology

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The hair follicle is a mini-organ endowed with a unique structure and cyclic behaviour.Despite the intense research efforts which have been devoted at deciphering the hair follicle biology over the past 70 years, one must admit that hair follicle remains an enigma. In this brief review, various aspects of hair follicle biology will be addressed, and more importantly, unsolved questions and new possible research tracks will be highlighted, including hair follicle glycobiology and exosome-mediated cell-cell interactions. Even though bricks of knowledge are solidly being acquired, an integrative picture remains to emerge. One can predict that computer science, algorithms and bioinformatics will assist in fostering our understanding hair biology. K E Y W O R D Shair follicle, perspectives

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Metabolism of Freshly Isolated Human Hair Follicles Capable of Hair Elongation: A Glutaminolytic, Aerobic Glycolytic Tissue

Cited by 61 publications

References 34 publications

Epithelium–mesenchyme compartment interaction and oncosis on chemotherapy-induced hair damage

Epithelium–mesenchyme compartment interaction and oncosis on chemotherapy-induced hair damage

The Human Hair Follicle Engages in Glutaminolysis and Aerobic Glycolysis: Implications for Skin, Splanchnic and Neoplastic Metabolism

The hair follicle enigma

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