Metabolism of Gibberellin A12 and A12-Aldehyde in Developing Seeds of Pisum sativum L.

Zhu, Yu-Xian; Davies, Peter J.; Halinska, Anna

doi:10.1104/pp.97.1.26

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The presence of the GA 9 metabolites was not caused by the presence of added GA 9 , as the endogenous GAs were identified from non-treated tissue . The endogenous levels of GA51 and GA51 -catabolite in seed coats were much higher than GA 9 [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The endogenous level of GA9 per shoot (allowing for the usual 50% recovery) was about 6.4 pmol/shoot, so that the applied GA 9 was about 12 times the endogenous concentration, and the endogenous level in seed coats was 8.7 ng/g [24] as compared to the fed amount of 15 ng/g, almost twice the endogenous level . Nonetheless the amount fed was still much lower than that supplied in other quantitative studies with intact pea seeds [7], which was 300 ng/g at the lowest and 9 .8µg/g at the highest level .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The identification and metabolism of GA9 and its metabolites in seed coats and shoots of pea, line G2

Zhu

Davies

1991

Plant Growth Regul

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H]gibberellin A 9 was applied to shoots or seed parts of G2 pea to produce radiolabeled metabolites. These were used as markers during purification for the recovery of endogenous GA9 and its naturally occurring metabolites. GA9 and its metabolites were purified by HPLC, derivatized and examined by GC-MS . Endogenous GA 9 , GA20 , GA29 and GA 51 were identified in pea shoots and seed coats . GA, -catabolite and GA.-catabolite were also detected in seed coats . GA70 was detected in seed coats following the application of lug of GA9 . Applied ['H]GA9 was metabolized through both the 13-hydroxylation and 2/3-hydroxylation pathways. Labeled metabolites were tentatively identified on the basis of co-chromatography on HPLC with endogenous compounds identified by GC-MS . In shoots ['H]GA S, and ['H]GAS , -catabolite were the predominant metabolites after 6 hrs, but by 24 hrs there was little of these metabolites remaining, while ['H]GA29catabolite and an unidentified metabolite predominated . In seed coats ['H]GA 51 was the initial product, later followed by ['H]GA 51 -catabolite and an unidentified metabolite (different from that in shoots), with lesser amounts of ['H]GA20 , ['H]GA 29 and ['H]GA 29 -catabolite . ['H]GA70 was a very minor product in both cases. ['H]GA 9 was not metabolized by pea cotyledons .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification and metabolism of GA9 and its metabolites in seed coats and shoots of pea, line G2

Zhu

Davies

1991

Plant Growth Regul

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“…A corollary is that GA20 deactivation is a regulated process in the garden pea, a suggestion consistent with previous observations. For example, the step GA29 to GA29-catabolite, in particular, proceeds much faster in some organs than in others (Sponsel, 1983;Zhu et al, 1991), and GA20 2~-hydroxylase activity has been shown to vary with time in developing pea seeds (Smith and MacMillan, 1986). It has been suggested also that in Phaseo/us vulgaris seeds the metabolism of GA20 is under regulatory control (Albone eta/., 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These products do not appear to be catabolized further, at least in pea (Ingram et a/., 1985), and, consequently, they accumulate to very high levels in certain organs (Ingram et al 1985;Sponsel, 1983). It appears that in the maturing seed, 2~-hydroxylation of GA20 can occur in both cotyledons and testa, while the step GA29 to GA29-catabolite is restricted mainly to the testa (Sponsel, 1983;Zhu et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic regulation of gibberellin deactivation in Pisum

Ross¹,

Reid²,

Swain³

et al. 1995

The Plant Journal

110

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SummaryThe regulation of gibberellin (GA} deactivation was examined using the sin (slander) mutation in the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). This mutation blocks the deactivation of GA2o, the precursor of the bioactive GAl. Firstly, crosses were made to combine sin with the GA biosynthesis mutations na, Ih i and 1~3. The combination sin na produced a novel phenotype, with long ('slender') basel internodes and extremely short ('nana') upper internodes. In contrast, the double mutant sin Ih i was phenotypically dwarf. The mutation sin causes an accumulation of GAzo in maturing seeds, and this was unaffected by ha, since the na mutation is not expressed in seeds. In contrast, II1 i seeds did not accumulate GA20, since Ih i imposes an early block on GA biosynthesis. Secondly, the effects of sin on several steps in GA deactivation were investigated. In maturing seeds, the mutation sin blocks two steps in GA20 metabolism, namely, GA=0 to GA29, and GAS9 to GA2s-catabolite. In the vegetative plant, on the other hand, sin blocked the step GAS0 to GAz9, but not GAz9 to GAzscatabolite; the steps GA20 to GAS 1 and GAz0 to GA1 were also not impaired in this mutant. It is clear that the effects of sin, like those of na, are strongly organ-specific. The presence of separate enzymes for the steps GAz0 to GAzs and GA2s to GAzs-catabolite was suggested by the observation that GA s inhibited the latter step, but not the former, and by the inability of GAz0 and GAz9 to inhibIt each other's metabolism. It is suggested that the Sin gene may be a regulatory gene controlling the expression of two structural genes involved in GA deactivation.

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“…20 d after anthesis), as before (Zhu and Davies 1991;Ross et al 1995). The substrate (500 ng in 25 lL distilled water) was fed to genotype lh-2, for 24 h.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of gibberellin mutations in fruits of Pisum sativum L.

MacKenzie‐Hose

Ross

Davies

et al. 1998

Planta

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The gibberellin (GA) economy of young pea (Pisum sativum L.) fruits was investigated using a range of mutants with altered GA biosynthesis or deactivation. The synthesis mutation lh-2 substantially reduced the content of both GA 4 and GA 1 in young seeds. Among the other synthesis mutations, ls-1, le-1 and le-3, the largest reduction in seed GA 1 content was only 1.7-fold (le-1), while GA 4 was not reduced in these mutants, and in fact accumulated in some experiments (compared with the wild type). Mutation sln appeared to block the step GA 20 to GA 29 in young pods and seeds, but not as strongly as in older seeds. Mutations ls-1, le-1 and le-3 markedly reduced pod GA 1 levels, but pod elongation was not aected. After feeds of [ 13 C, 3 H]GA 20 to leaves, the pods contained 13 C, 3 H-labelled GA 20 , GA 1 , GA 29 and GA 81 , and the seeds, [ 13 C, 3 H]GA 20 and [ 13 C, 3 H]GA 29 . These ®ndings are discussed in relation to recent suggestions regarding the role and origin of GA 1 in pea fruits.

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Metabolism of Gibberellin A₁₂ and A₁₂-Aldehyde in Developing Seeds of Pisum sativum L.

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

The identification and metabolism of GA9 and its metabolites in seed coats and shoots of pea, line G2

The identification and metabolism of GA9 and its metabolites in seed coats and shoots of pea, line G2

Genetic regulation of gibberellin deactivation in Pisum

Expression of gibberellin mutations in fruits of Pisum sativum L.

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