Metabolism of glycerol 3-phosphate by mature boar spermatozoa

Jones, Alan R.; Gillan, L.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.1060321

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In boar sperm, the oxidation of G1P to DHAP provides an entrée for this substrate into the glycolytic pathway: the DHAP is rapidly interconverted to glyceraldehyde-3-phopsphate (GAP) by the triose phosphate isomerase present in the sperm. The GAP enters the ATP-producing stage of the glycolytic pathway through the action of GAP-DH (Jones and Gillan, 1996). Mouse and bull sperm mitochondria exhibit active mitochondrial oxidation of G1P (Carey et al, 1981;Storey, 1980).…”

Section: Mitochondrial Activities: Oxygen As Friendmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian sperm metabolism: oxygen and sugar, friend and foe

Storey¹

2008

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

296

260

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Mammalian spermatozoa expend energy, generated as intracellular ATP, largely on motility. If the sperm cell cannot swim by use of its flagellar motion, it cannot fertilize the egg. Studies of the means by which this energy is generated span a period of six decades. This review gives an overview of these studies, which demonstrate that both mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, for which oxygen is friend, and glycolysis, for which sugar is friend, can provide the energy, independent of one another. In mouse sperm, glycolysis appears to be the dominant pathway; in bull sperm, oxidative phosphorylation is the predominant pathway. In the case of bull sperm, the high activity of the glycolytic pathway would maintain the intracellular pH too low to allow sperm capacitation; here sugar is enemy. The cow's oviduct has very low glucose concentration, thus allowing capacitation to go forward. The choice of the pathway of energy generation in vivo is set by the conditions in the oviduct of the conspecific female. The phospholipids of the sperm plasma membrane have a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids represented in their acyl moieties, rendering them highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation; in this case oxygen is enemy. But the susceptibility of the sperm membrane to lethal damage by lipid peroxidation allows the female oviduct to dispose of sperm that have overstayed their welcome, and so keep in balance sperm access to the egg and sperm removal once this has occurred.

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Section: Mitochondrial Activities: Oxygen As Friendmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian sperm metabolism: oxygen and sugar, friend and foe

Storey¹

2008

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

296

260

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“…Activation of sperm at ejaculation may alter metabolism to meet the potentially increased energy demands associated with motility (Garbers et al 1973a). In this context, sperm are able to utilize many different substrates as energy sources, including glucose, fructose, lactate, pyruvate, acetate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, oxaloacetate, 8-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, glycerol-3-phosphate, and N-acetyl-Dglucosamine White 1966, 1968;Garbers et al 1973aGarbers et al , 1973bHoskins 1973;Storey and Kayne 1977;Jones and Chantrill 1989;Ford and Rees 1990;Jones et al 1992;Armstrong et al 1994;Jones and Gillan 1996;Jones 1997;Murdoch and Jones 1998). Thus, it is widely believed that the metabolic activity and motility of sperm are closely linked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between motility and oxygen consumption of sperm from the cauda epididymides of the rat

Rn¹,

Vl²,

Clulow³

et al. 1999

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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The oxygen consumption of rat sperm was low (2.7 microL O2 10(8) sperm(-1) h(-1)) in caudal epididymal semen (CES) when stimulation of motility was avoided. The addition of 1 microL of Krebs Ringer phosphate buffer (KRP) to 40 microL of CES (CES:KRP = 40:1) did not activate motility, but stimulated oxygen consumption 2-fold. Inclusion of 1-5 mM glucose, acetate, pyruvate or lactate in the KRP further stimulated respiration rate (up to 4.3-fold) without activating motility, but respiration was reduced when 2-deoxyglucose replaced energy substrates. Inclusion of dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM) activated sperm motility in all samples and stimulated oxygen consumption 2.9-fold. Dilution of CES at the ratio of CES:KRP = 40:1000 also activated sperm motility and stimulated respiration rate 2.9-fold. The combined effect of dibutyryl cAMP and glucose in stimulating respiration was greater than their individual effects. However, the response to cAMP or substrates was not altered by incubation in KRP containing either 0 or 0.5 mM Ca2+. It was concluded that the motility and metabolism of rat epididymal sperm are suppressed in vivo. Respiration can be stimulated by a small (1.025-fold) dilution and further stimulated by the inclusion of energy substrate, without activating motility. However, a larger dilution or inclusion of cAMP activated motility and simultaneously stimulated metabolism, with exogenous substrate being required to stimulate respiration to the maximum rate. This suggests that prior to activation, the rate of oxygen consumption and sperm motility are not coupled.

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“…Addition of CHOP at any period immediately lowered the ECP suggesting that lack of carnitine was not a factor contributing to this inability. Thus the endogenous substrate, which cannot be a ketogenic amine (Jones and Gillan, 1996b), must channel carbon atoms to some point in the glycolytic pathway to produce the lactate which is essential for the mitochondrial production of ATP (Jones, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incubations to which (R,S)-abromohydrin phosphate was added maintained a relatively high ECP but not as high as that maintained in its absence. As this compound inhibits the mitochondrial membrane-bound glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase which converts glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Jones and Gillan, 1996b), it was deduced that a contributing though minor source of a metabolic substrate was producing glycerol 3-phosphate. Glycerol 3-phosphate is rapidly oxidized by boar spermatozoa and its presence in washed cells or semen cannot be detected (Jones and Gillan, 1996a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous energy production by mature boar spermatozoa

Jones¹,

Milmlow²

1997

Reproduction

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When incubated in the absence of exogenous substrates, washed boar spermatozoa maintained a high energy charge potential (ECP) for at least 5 h. Addition of 3-chloro-1-hydroxypropanone, an inhibitor of triosephosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, at any time caused the ECP to decline and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerol to accumulate. There appear to be two endogenous substrates that are degraded ultimately to produce the triosephosphates which allow the cells to produce lactate for the mitochondrial synthesis of ATP. One substrate generates minor amounts of glycerol 3-phosphate whereas the other substrate degrades to glycerol and may be di-glycerides, or tri-glycerides, or both.

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Metabolism of glycerol 3-phosphate by mature boar spermatozoa

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Mammalian sperm metabolism: oxygen and sugar, friend and foe

Mammalian sperm metabolism: oxygen and sugar, friend and foe

Relationship between motility and oxygen consumption of sperm from the cauda epididymides of the rat

Endogenous energy production by mature boar spermatozoa

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