Metabolism of hydrogenated palatinose, an equimolar mixture ofα-D-glucopyranosido-1,6-sorbitol andα-D-glucopyranosido-1,6-mannitol

Abstract

Hydrogenated palatinose, an equimolar mixture of alpha-D-glucopyranosido-1,6-sorbitol and alpha-D-glucopyranosido-1,6-mannitol, was investigated as a potential oral sugar substitute in the following experiments in man and rat. 1. Enzymatic cleavage occurred at slow rates by maltase (alpha-glucosidase) of jejunal mucosa, liver lysosomes and yeast. 2. Part of ingested hydrogenated palatinose arrived unsplit at the caecum of the rat and underwent fermentation there; excretion in feces and urine are neglegible in man and rat. 3. Growth and maintenance of rats demonstrated 20--40 percent diminished caloric utilisation of diets containing 34.5 percent hydrogenated palatinose whereas indirect calorimetry in man showed about 50 percent caloric deficit. 4. Blood sugar did not increase in man after oral doses up to 100 g. 5. The capacity of the rat kidneys for excretion of hydrogenated palatinose and its constituents was high, symptoms of incompatibility were not observed.

The Energy Values of Dietary Fibre and Sugar Alcohols for Man

“…About 0.03 of orally administered maltitol (10 g with breakfast) appears in human urine (Rennhard & Bianchine, 1976). The occurrence of Isomalt and its free hexitols in human urine after the ingestion of 50 g Isomalt (in water without food) is < 0.005 of the dose (Grupp & Siebert, 1978), which is consistent with very little small intestinal hydrolysis. Whether urinary mannitol occurs after Isomalt administration with food in man is not known, but there are no such losses in the rat (Siebert et al 1975).…”

The comparative gastrointestinal responses of children and adults following consumption of sweets formulated with sucrose, isomalt and lycasin HBC

“…Isomalt and maltitol are only partly hydrolysed in the upper intestine because of the low affinity of upper intestinal disaccharidases for these substrates (Nilsson & Jagerstad, 1987). Hydrolysis of maltitol results in 50% glucose and 50% sorbitol, (Ziesenitz & Siebert, 1987) and hydrolysis of isomalt, 50% glucose, 25% sorbitol and 25% mannitol (Grupp & Siebert, 1978). Thus consumption of isomalt, maltitol or a product rich in maltitol such as lycasin 80=55 or lycasin HBC results in a mixture of intact polyol molecules and their hydrolysates entering the colon where they contribute to the carbohydrate pool available for bacterial fermentation.…”

Dose dependence of breath hydrogen and methane in healthy volunteers after ingestion of a commercial disaccharide mixture, Palatinit®

“…However, the amount of fermentable carbohydrates in the upper human colon is not precisely known. In an attempt to characterize and quantify microbial fermentations in the large bowel, we used the sugar substitute Palatinit@ as a chemically well-defined material whose mammalian metabolism has been thoroughly investigated (Grupp & Siebert, 1978;Gau et al 1979;Ziesenitz, 1983), including some aspects of its microbial utilization in the large intestine.…”

“…Palatinit, an equimolar mixture of D-glucosyl-a( 1 -, I)-D-mannitol and D-glucosyla( 1 + 6)-~-glucitol (IsomaltB), is reported to undergo small-intestinal digestion in ambulatory ileostomy patients by about 40% (Kroneberg et al 1979), the remainder, together with non-absorbed D-mannitol and D-glucitol (D-sorbitol), being fermented by the intestinal microflora (Grupp & Siebert, 1978;Schnell-Dompert & Siebert, 1980;Ziesenitz, 1983). End-products of fermentation include hydrogen and methane which, at a certain proportion, diffuse from the colon into the blood and are thus detectable in the expired air (Calloway & Murphy, 1968).…”