Metabolism of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Rumen

Viviani, R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-024908-4.50013-1

Cited by 106 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat and milk is, however, a strategy to improve the quality of ruminant meat and dairy products due to their positive action on human health. In contrast to rumen bacteria, the levels of C 18:2 and C 18:3 fatty acids are higher in rumen ciliate protozoa (Viviani, 1970;Emmanuel, 1974;O'Kelly and Spiers, 1990). Enhancing the population of ciliate protozoa may therefore also prove to enhance the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of microbial oil, evening primrose oil, and borage oil on rumen ciliate populations in an artificial rumen (Rusitec)

et al. 2006

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Microbial (MO), borage (BO) and evening primrose (EPO) 5% (wt/wt) oils were supplemented to a diet consisting of meadow hay and ground barley (60:40) for six days following a five-day adaptation period in an artificial rumen (Rusitec) inoculated with sheep rumen fluid having an Atype ciliate population. After the adaptation period, the following rumen ciliate genera and species were established: Entodinium spp., Dasytricha ruminantium, Eremoplastron bilobum, Diploplastron affine, Polyplastron multivesiculatum and Isotricha spp. (I. prostoma and I. intestinalis). The total ciliate population as well as the population of Eremoplastron decreased (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) in the group supplemented with BO. In contrast, the population of Polyplastron increased (P<0.01) following BO supplementation. The populations of Dasytricha, Eremoplastron, and Isotricha spp. decreased (P<0.01) in the group with EPO supplement, in contrast to the population of Entodinium spp., which increased (P<0.05). MO supplementation decreased the populations of Eremoplastron and Isotricha spp. (P<0.01). None of the oil supplements influenced the population of Diploplastron.The results of this study showed that the examined species of rumen ciliates had no uniform response to the tested oils. Responses strongly depended on the composition of oils and the resultant concentration of the main fatty acid components.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of microbial oil, evening primrose oil, and borage oil on rumen ciliate populations in an artificial rumen (Rusitec)

et al. 2006

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“…As the consumption of dairy products and ruminant meats is often associated with an increased incidence of coronary heart disease in man (Menotti et al 1999), the transformation of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, or biohydrogenation, in ruminants represents a major human health issue. The biohydrogenation process has long been known to occur in the rumen as the result of microbial metabolic activity (Shorland et al 1955;Viviani 1970). Thus, if ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids can be controlled, it may be possible to improve the healthiness of ruminant meats and milk by increasing their unsaturated fatty acids composition in general and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the n-3 fatty acids in particular (Scollan et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their toxicity to the microflora of the rumen

Maia¹,

Chaudhary

Figueres³

et al. 2006

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

443

411

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Ruminal microorganisms hydrogenate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present in forages and thereby restrict the availability of health-promoting PUFA in meat and milk. The aim of this study was to investigate PUFA metabolism and the influence of PUFA on members of the ruminal microflora. Eleven of 26 predominant species of ruminal bacteria metabolised linoleic acid (LA; cis-9,cis-12-18:2) substantially. The most common product was vaccenic acid (trans-11-18:1), produced by species related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. alpha-Linolenic acid (LNA; cis-9,cis-12,cis-15-18:3) was metabolised mostly by the same species. The fish oil fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5(n - 3)) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6(n - 3)) were not metabolised. Cellulolytic bacteria did not grow in the presence of any PUFA at 50 microg ml(-1), nor did some butyrate-producing bacteria, including the stearate producer Clostridium proteoclasticum, Butyrivibrio hungatei and Eubacterium ruminantium. Toxicity to growth was ranked EPA > DHA > LNA > LA. Cell integrity, as measured using propidium iodide, was damaged by LA in all 26 bacteria, but to different extents. Correlations between its effects on growth and apparent effects on cell integrity in different bacteria were low. Combined effects of LA and sodium lactate in E. ruminantium and C. proteoclasticum indicated that LA toxicity is linked to metabolism in butyrate-producing bacteria. PUFA also inhibited the growth of the cellulolytic ruminal fungi, with Neocallimastix frontalis producing small amounts of cis-9,trans-11-18:2 (CLA) from LA. Thus, while dietary PUFA might be useful in suppressing the numbers of biohydrogenating ruminal bacteria, particularly C. proteoclasticum, care should be taken to avoid unwanted effects in suppressing cellulolysis.

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“…Recent studies suggest that the protozoa can play an important role in the synthesis of TVA and CLA in the rumen (Devillard et al, 2006;Yánez-Ruiz et al, 2006;Or-Rashid et al, 2007). In addition, it is well known that the rumen protozoa contain proportionally more unsaturated fatty acids than the rumen bacteria (Viviani, 1970;Devillard et al, 2006). Previously, we investigated the effect of sunflower oil and linseed oil on the production of trans fatty acids in vitro (Jalč et al, 2005a,b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid profiles of rumen fluid from sheep fed diets supplemented with various oils and effect on the rumen ciliate population

Váradyová¹,

Kišidayová²,

Siroka³

et al. 2007

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The profile of trans-fatty acids and the protozoan population were evaluated in four ruminally fistulated sheep fed a diet with meadow hay: barley grain ratio (80:20%) plus sunflower oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO) or linseed oil (LO) (5% wt/wt). The concentrate was daily mixed with individual oils and offered at 07.00 h. A 4 × 4 Latin square with 4-week periods was used. The concentration of trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) was the highest 4 h after feeding (36.1 g/100 g FA with SO; 34.5 g/100 g FA with RO) and then decreased with the time after feeding (P < 0.05). The concentration of cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) with RO increased from 3.23 g/100 g FA (2 h after feeding) to 4.67 g/100 g FA (4 h after feeding). The concentration of c9,t11-CLA with SO increased from 2.09 g/100 g FA (2 h after feeding) to 2.31 g/100 g FA (4 h after feeding). The concentration of c9,t11-CLA with LO was the highest 4 h after feeding (2.07 g/100 g FA). Overall effects of the oil supplements and time after feeding on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the rumen fluid were evident. A strong interaction of oil supplements and time after feeding was detected in the concentration of UFA and SFA (P < 0.001). A significant effect of LO on the rumen ciliate population was observed; the total protozoan concentration and the number of Entodinium spp. were decreased as well as Dasytricha ruminantium, Isotricha spp., Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Ophryoscolex c. tricoronatus and Eremoplastron dilobum.

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Metabolism of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Rumen

Cited by 106 publications

References 160 publications

The effect of microbial oil, evening primrose oil, and borage oil on rumen ciliate populations in an artificial rumen (Rusitec)

The effect of microbial oil, evening primrose oil, and borage oil on rumen ciliate populations in an artificial rumen (Rusitec)

Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their toxicity to the microflora of the rumen

Fatty acid profiles of rumen fluid from sheep fed diets supplemented with various oils and effect on the rumen ciliate population

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