Metabolism of Lysine, Threonine, and Leucine in Growing Rats on Gluten or Zein Diets at Various Dietary Protein Levels

Kim, Changhyeug; Tanaka, Hideyuki; Ogura, Masaji

doi:10.1271/bbb.60.1580

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that, unlike the decrease in levels seen with the majority of amino acids, histidine and serine increased by around 50%, and threonine by 2.5 folds with the deficient diet. The increase in threonine levels (and at a lower extent in histidine and serine) in lysine deficiency was previously reported in the literature (53)(54)(55)(56)(57), and could be explained by a hindered utilization and/or oxidation of these amino acids.…”

Section: Blood Measurementssupporting

confidence: 59%

Low-quality protein modulates inflammatory markers and the response to lipopolysaccharide insult: the case of lysine

et al. 2023

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The relationship between non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and eating behaviour has long been attributed to a surplus of food and energy. However, the increase in the prevalence of NCDs and their underlying low-grade inflammatory milieu among people of low socioeconomic status (SES) has highlighted the existence of a confounding factor. In this work, we aim to study the effect of lysine deficiency on some inflammatory markers in the absence or presence of an inflammatory insult [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. For this purpose, thirty-two five-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly distributed into four groups: 1) control diet, 2) control diet+LPS, 3) lysine-deficient diet, and 4) lysine-deficient diet+LPS. Groups were only allowed their experimental diets for four weeks, during which LPS (50 µg/kg) or saline injections were administered intraperitoneally three times per week. The study showed that lysine deficiency blunted growth and body compartments development, decreased albumin production and elevated liver c-reactive protein (CRP) expression, independently of interleukins 6 and 1β, the main precursors of CRP. Also, the insufficient levels of lysine in the diet increased hyperactivity and triggered an anxiety-like behaviour, exacerbated with LPS. This work presents evidence that various physiological changes are associated with the absence of a sufficient amount of lysine in the diet and can potentially increase the risk factor for diseases. Thus, the increment in NCDs among the low SES populations, who heavily rely on cereals as a main source of protein, can be, at least partially, blamed on low lysine availability in diets.

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Section: Blood Measurementssupporting

confidence: 59%

Low-quality protein modulates inflammatory markers and the response to lipopolysaccharide insult: the case of lysine

et al. 2023

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“…In fact, diets devoid of one indispensable amino acid increase the incorporation of amino acids into the liver compared with muscle (16). Nonetheless, the utilization of the limiting amino acids for body protein synthesis is high, and oxidation of individual amino acids other than limiting amino acids is increased (8). The catabolic condition induces amino acid-degrading enzyme gene expression, including Hal, increasing amino acid oxidation to yield energy as has been observed under some pathological conditions (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Soy protein, casein, and zein regulate histidase gene expression by modulating serum glucagon

Tovar

Ascencio

Torres

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Glucagon has been postulated as an important physiological regulator of histidase (Hal) gene expression; however, it has not been demonstrated whether serum glucagon concentration is associated with the type and amount of protein ingested. The purpose of the present work was to study the association between hepatic Hal activity and mRNA concentration in rats fed 18 or 50% casein, isolated soy protein, or zein diets in a restricted schedule of 6 h for 10 days, and plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations. On day 10, five rats of each group were killed at 0900 (fasting), and then five rats were killed after being given the experimental diet for 1 h (1000). Rats fed 50% casein or soy diets showed higher Hal activity than the other groups studied. Rats fed 50% zein diets had higher Hal activity than rats fed 18% casein, soy, or zein diets, but lower activity than rats fed 50% casein or soy diets. Hal mRNA concentration followed a similar pattern. Hal activity showed a significant association with serum concentrations of glucagon. Serum glucagon concentration was significantly correlated with protein intake. Thus the type and amount of protein consumed affect Hal activity and expression through changes in serum glucagon concentrations.

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“…Ketogenic BCAA leucine (in adipose tissue and muscle), is either degraded via cellular regulatory molecule acetate or incorporated into body protein synthesis under stress conditions like fasting (Rosenthal et al, 1974). Herein, we hypothesize that during posM stressed condition, considering lower acetate levels, leucine metabolism is redirected to protein synthesis (Kim et al, 1996). Higher leucine levels reported to be associated with higher body temperature to provide/ thermostability in broiler chicks (Han et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal plasticity and energy efficiency in migratory buntings is an assemblage of alterations in metabolic and gut microbe adaptations

Gupta

Das

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Circulatory system is the source of useful metabolites to enable organismal energy demands of muscle during different life states of birds including migration. In this study, we profiled the serum metabolites and fecal microbiome of redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps) exhibiting diurnal non-migratory (nonM) pre-migratory (preM), migratory (M) and post-migratory (posM) states, when exposed to long days (14L:10D). Using gas chromatography, out of the identified 124 serum analytes, 38 showed significant variations (Fold change, VIP) between states. Out of these, 11 metabolites (short chain fatty acids, SCFAs- butanoate and hexanoate, lactate, pyruvate, ethylene and acetate oxime, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), niacin, L-valine and carboximidic acids viz. phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and diethyl carbamate) involved in energy pathways and enhanced immunity showed higher abundance in M state. While, upsurge of L-valine suggested energy contribution of glucogenic branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) in M state, that of leucine metabolite, was related to higher temperature in posM birds. Gut microbiota was analysed using faeces of buntings (n=6 each) during nonM and M states and alteration in bacterial compositions was observed; faeces of nonM birds were enriched in proteobacteria, while those of M were rich in firmicutes. This study reports the migratory state specific changes in the serum metabolome and faecal microbiome of the buntings and highlights the role of short chain fatty acids, SCFAs and branched chain amino acids, BCAAs during hypermetabolic state of migration.

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Metabolism of Lysine, Threonine, and Leucine in Growing Rats on Gluten or Zein Diets at Various Dietary Protein Levels

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Low-quality protein modulates inflammatory markers and the response to lipopolysaccharide insult: the case of lysine

Low-quality protein modulates inflammatory markers and the response to lipopolysaccharide insult: the case of lysine

Soy protein, casein, and zein regulate histidase gene expression by modulating serum glucagon

Seasonal plasticity and energy efficiency in migratory buntings is an assemblage of alterations in metabolic and gut microbe adaptations

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