Metabolism of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by photosynthetic algal species

Schoeny, Rita; Cody, Terence E.; Warshawsky, David; Radike, Martha

doi:10.1016/0027-5107(88)90099-1

Cited by 71 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Given the nature of metabolites identified, both monooxygenases and dioxygenases are likely to play a role in algal metabolism of various aromatic compounds, e.g., PAHs and dioxins, (Chan et al 2006;Schoeny et al 1988;Todd et al 2002). Cerniglia et al (1979Cerniglia et al ( , 1980c examined the metabolism of naphthalene (2) in three blue-green algae and found both 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone and cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, in addition to 1-naphthol, whose oxygen originated from O 2 .…”

Section: Oxidasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Oxidasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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“…PAH toxicity can be activated by either biotic (cytochrome P450-mediated monooxygenation) or abiotic (photochemical) means (Yang et al, 1976;Neff, 1979;Katz et al, 1979;Zepp and Schlotzhauer, 1979;Nikolaou et al, 1984;Shimada and Nakamura, 1987;Harvey et al, 1988;Huang et al, 1991Huang et al, , 1993. In the case of photochemical activation, the compounds are more reactive and hazardous following photon absorbance (Nikolaou et al, 1984;Newsted and Giesy, 1987;Oris and Giesy, 1987;Schoeny et al, 1988;Huang et al, 1993). By virtue of their extensive -orbitals, PAHs absorb strongly in the ultraviolet-A (UV-A; 320-400 nm) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 290-320 nm) regions of the solar spectrum (Suess, 1976;Cook et al, 1983;Nikolaou et al, 1984;Huang et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Photoinduced Toxicity of PAHs to the Foliar Regions ofBrassica napus(Canola) andCucumbis sativus(Cucumber) in Simulated Solar Radiation

Huang

Zeiler

Dixon

et al. 1996

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…There was no phenol turn over under anaerobic condition (O 2 -free nitrogen) until air was admitted when phenol removal commenced [4]. There are few examples of algae degrading aromatic compounds [5,6] examined the effects of the chlorophyte alga, Selenstrum capriconutum, on benzo pyrene. They found that algae used a dioxygenase system to oxidize the compound to cis dihydrodiols which were then converted to sulfate ester and glucoside conjugates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria

El‐Sheekh¹,

Ghareib²,

Abou-EL-Souod³

2012

J Bioremed Biodegrad

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In this work, the oxidation of phenolic compounds was accompanied by shift in the wavelength and change in the colour such as the oxidation of phenol to catechol by Volvox aureus, Nostoc Linckia and Oscillatoria rubescens. The oxidation of β-naphthol by Volvox aureus, Lyngbya lagerlerimi and Nostoc linckia, and the oxidation of catechol by Chlorella vulgaris and V. aureus were suggested. The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. The highest percentage of degradation of naphthalene by N. linckia after 7 days was 47.71%, while the highest percentage of degradation of anthracene by E. viridis after 7 days was 92.28%. The highest percentage of degradation of 2-methythie 3-phenyl quinazlin-4-3H (one) by V. aureus after 7 days was 83.39%, and the highest percentage of degradation of 2-phenyl 3,1benzexazin-4 one by E. viridis after 7 days was 79.74%. The obtained results suggest that microbial biodegradation of pollutants can be used to clean up contaminated environments. Biotreatment of wastes using living organisms is an environmentally friendly, relatively simple and cost-effective alternative to physico-chemical processes. Algae can convert benzo pyrene to peroxides, dihdrodiols and oxides [10,11]. When benzo pyrene was incubated with algae, a greater percentage of the benzo pyrene was first degraded and mineralized (broken down to carbon dioxide and water). These findings that algae in conjunction with bacteria may lead to more complete degradation of large PAH s like benzo pyrene [12]. Biodegradation of Phenolic andRecently, [13][14][15][16] studied the ability of some algae for biodegradation of phenolic compounds in the light and dark. The aim of this investigation was to study the ability of some algae isolated from different polluted sites, on the degradation of different phenolic compounds, polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Materials and Methods Algae and growth conditionsThe following algae are isolated from different polluted sites and purified in axenic cultures (bacterial free) and used in this investigation

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Metabolism of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by photosynthetic algal species

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Photoinduced Toxicity of PAHs to the Foliar Regions ofBrassica napus(Canola) andCucumbis sativus(Cucumber) in Simulated Solar Radiation

Biodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria

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